Exam (elaborations)
NURS 351 Exam 1B
- Course
- Institution
NURS 351 Exam 1B NURS 351 Exam 1B NURS 351 Exam 1B
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS 351 Exam 1Bpain is a - ANS protective mechanism
pain is the most common - ANS symptom for which people seek medical treatment
optimal pain management causes - ANS -quicker rate of recovery
-better functioning
-fewer postoperative complications
pain is the signal between - ANS periphery, spinal cord, brain
simple reflex arc - ANS response at spinal cord level, does not involve the brain
nociceptors - ANS pain nerves
spinal cord - ANS pain signals up to brain through ascending tract (spinothalamic tract)
brain sends - ANS outgoing signals to modify pain, endorphins
neurotransmitters - ANS -enhance/inhibit pain signals
-acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, etc
simple reflex arc:
afferent neuron
interneuron
efferent neuron - ANS afferent neuron: incoming signal to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
interneuron: connector
,efferent neuron: outgoing signal from the anterior spinal cord
a protective response that do not involve brain input
what interprets pain signals - ANS the brain
spinothalamic tract - ANS primary ascending tract for pain signals from spinal cord to brain
corticospinal tract - ANS outgoing signals from he brain travel on this descending tract
Nociception - ANS the response of the nervous system to painful stimuli
nociceptors are - ANS pain receptors
A-delta (10%) - ANS large, myelinated fibers that carry initial acute signal of pain (sharp, stinging,
cutting, pinching)
C-fibers (90%) - ANS Small, unmyelinated fibers that carry signals of dull, persistent pain (dull,
burning, aching)
neurotransmitters and pain, can be - ANS excitatory or inhibitory
what manipulation is used for pain management? - ANS pharmacological manipulation
neurochemicals & actions:
prostaglandins (from Cox 1 enzymatic pathway) - ANS enhances inflammation, pain, edema
neurochemicals & actions:
interleukins - ANS enhances inflammation, pain, edema
, neurochemicals & actions:
tumor necrosis factor - ANS enhances inflammation, edema, pain, decreases appetite
neurochemicals & actions:
leukotrienes - ANS enhances inflammation, edema, and bronchospasm, esp. in asthma and allergy
neurochemicals & actions:
bradykinins - ANS enhances inflammation
neurochemicals & actions:
glutamate - ANS amplifies pain signal
neurochemicals & actions:
Substance P - ANS amplifies pain signal
neurochemicals & actions:
enkephalins, endorphins - ANS inhibitory influence on pain; natural opioid
neurochemicals & actions:
acetylcholine - ANS inhibitory action on pain in the spinal cord
neurochemicals & actions:
gamma-aminobutyric acid - ANS inhibitory action on pain in the spinal cord AND brain
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectjoseph. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80189 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now