Exam (elaborations)
NURS 311 Final Exam
- Course
- Institution
NURS 311 Final Exam NURS 311 Final Exam NURS 311 Final Exam
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS 311 Final Examwhat is glomerular filtration determined by? - ANS filtration pressure in the glomeruli and permeable
surface area of the glomerular membrane
with glomerular filtration, what movement does hydrostatic pressure favor? - ANS favors filtration,
the push
with glomerular filtration, what movement does oncotic (colloid) pressure favor? - ANS opposes
filtration, the pull
what 3 factors affect glomerular filtration pressure? - ANS circulating blood volume, rate of blood
flow, myogenic autoregulation
what are the 3 classes of causes of glomerulonephritis? - ANS autoimmune diseases, infectious
diseases, non-immune glomerular injury
what are some examples of autoimmune diseases that cause glomerulonepritis? - ANS lupus (type III
sensitivity), goodpasture syndrome
what are some examples of infectious diseases that cause glomerulonephritis? - ANS strep throat,
bacteria, viral
what are some examples of a non-immune glomerular injury that causes glomerulonephritis? - ANS
ischemia, metabolic disorders, toxins, meds, vascular disorders
how does chronic kidney disease manifest? - ANS progressive and irrevocable loss of nephrons (75%
loss before clinical manifestations begin)
what are chronic kidney disease risk factors? - ANS chronic conditions, congenital conditions,
polycystic kidney disease, neoplasm, infection, chronic glomerulonephritis, recurrent kidney
infections
what complications are associated with chronic kidney disease? - ANS fluid and electrolyte balance,
production of active vit D impaired, alteration in protein/fat/carb metabolism, HTN, fluid overload
affecting lungs, inadequate erythropoietin = decreas. RBC
,what is end stage renal disease? - ANS aka chronic kidney failure, progressive deterioration of kidney
fxn resulting in renal dialysis and/or kidney transplant
what is the MOA of furosemide (lasix)? - ANS loop diuretic -- inhibits Na/K/Cl system in loop of henle
= decreased reabsorption, decreased passive reabsorption of water
what are the adverse effects of furosemide (lasix)? - ANS ototoxicity, SJS, hypotension, hypokalemia,
hyperglycemia, aplastic anemia
furosemide (lasix) is potassium.... - ANS wasting
- this is why it can cause hypokalemia!
- monitor regularly and possibly supplement K
- encourage pt to eat leafy greens, bananas, potatoes
what is the MOA of spironolactone (aldactone)? - ANS blocks action of aldosterone in distal tubule, K
retention
spironolactone (aldactone) is potassium... - ANS sparing
- can cause hyperkalemia
what are the adverse effects of spironolactone (aldactone)? - ANS dehydration + hypotension,
hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, endocrine effects, SJS
with any diuretic, what is our main concern? - ANS hypotension, increased risk for falls
how do we treat ascites? - ANS IV albumin
where does serotonin antagonist ondansetron (zofran) act? what is its use? - ANS chemoreceptor
trigger zone
- antiemetic
, what is the most concerning adverse effect with ondansetron (zofran)? - ANS prolongation of the QT
interval
where does the dopamine antagonist promethazine act? what is its use? - ANS chemoreceptor
trigger zone
- antiemetic
where does the anticholingeric scopolamine act? what is its use? - ANS vomiting center
- antiemetic
where does the antihistamine diphenhydramine act? what is its use? - ANS vomiting center
- antiemetic
where do cannabinoids act? - ANS associated with vomiting center of the brain, pathway is not well
understood
what is gastritis? - ANS inflammation of the gastric mucosa and acid irritation
what cause chronic gastritis? what causes acute gastritis? - ANS H. pylori or C. diff
ETOH, NSAIDs, smoking, viral/bacterial toxin
what are the sx/sy of gastritis? how is it diagnosed? - ANS buring epigastric pain, N/V, anorexia
upper GI endoscopy, H.pylori testing
how is gastritis treated? - ANS correction of food habits, avoidance of risk factors, PPIs, H2 receptor
blockers, antacids
what complications are associated with gastritis? - ANS gastric ulcers, PUD
what is gastroenteritis? - ANS infection of the stomach and small intestine by infecting organisms
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PROFJOSEPH. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76449 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now