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IAFS 1000 Exam #1 Questions and 100% Correct Answers| Latest Update
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IAFS 1000 Exam #1 Questions and 100% Correct Answers| Latest Update
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IAFS 1000 Exam #1 Questions and 100%Correct Answers| Latest Update
Cold War - ✔✔1945 - 1990; the hostile relations, punctuated by occasional periods of
improvement, or detente, between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet
Union
Containment - ✔✔late 1940s; a policy adopted by which the United States sought to halt the
global expansion of Soviet influence on several levels - military, political, ideological, and
economic
Sino-Soviet split - ✔✔a rift in the 1960s between the communist powers of the Soviet Union
& China, fueled by China's opposition to Soviet moves toward peaceful coexistence with the
United States
Summit meeting - ✔✔a meeting between heads of state (first one = Geneva, 1955) often
referring to leaders of great powers, as in the Cold War superpower summits between the
Soviet Union & the US
Cuban Missile Crisis - ✔✔1962; a superpower crisis, sparked by the Soviet Union's
installation of medium-range nuclear missiles/weapons in Cuba, that marks the moment when
the US & the Soviet Union came closest to nuclear war; JFK imposed a naval blockade to force
their removal
Proxy wars - ✔✔wars in the the third world - often civil wars - in which the United States and
the Soviet Union jockeyed for position by supplying & advising opposing factions
Realism - ✔✔a broad intellectual tradition that explains international relations mainly in
terms of power
,Idealism - ✔✔an approach that emphasizes international law, morality, & international
organization, rather than power alone, as key influences on international relations
Power - ✔✔the ability or potential to influence others' behavior, as measured by the
possession of certain tangible & intangible characteristics
Geopolitics - ✔✔the use of geography as an element of power, and the ideas about it held
by political leaders & scholars; often tied to the logistical requirements of military forces
Anarchy - ✔✔a term that implies not complete chaos, but the lack of a central government
that can enforce rules ;what realists believe the international system exists in a state of
Norms - ✔✔the shared expectations about what behavior is considered proper
Sovereignty - ✔✔a state's right, at least in principle, to do whatever it wants within its own
territory ;traditionally the most important international norm
Security dilemma - ✔✔a situation in which actions states take to ensure their own security
(such as deploying more military forces) are perceived as threats to the security of other states;
realism acknowledges that the rules of IR often create this, prime cause of arms races
Balance of power - ✔✔the general concept of one or more states' power being used to
balance that of another state or group of states; the term can refer to (1) any ratio of power
capabilities between states or alliances, (2) a relatively equal ratio, or (3) the process by which
counterbalancing coalitions have repeatedly formed to prevent one state from conquering an
entire region
Great powers - ✔✔generally, the half-dozen or so most powerful states; the great power
club was exclusively European until the 20th century; strongest militaries & largest economies;
include the US, China, Japan, Russia, Japan, Germany, France, & Britain
, Middle powers - ✔✔states that rank somewhat below the great powers in terms of their
influence on world affairs, still have significant influence in their region; include India, Brazil,
Canada, Italy, Spain, Australia, the Netherlands, etc.
Neorealism - ✔✔a 1990s adaptation of realism/realist theory that emphasizes the influence
on state behavior of the system's structure, especially the international distribution of power;
also called structural realism
Multipolar system - ✔✔an international system with typically five or six centers of power
that are not grouped into alliances; tripolar (fairly rare), bipolar, unipolar (hegemony)
Power transition theory - ✔✔a theory that the largest wars result from challenges to the top
position in the status hierarchy, when a rising power is surpassing (or threatening to surpass)
the most powerful state
Hegemony - ✔✔the holding by one state of a preponderance of power in the international
system, so that it can single-handedly dominate the rules and arrangements by which
international political & economic relations are conducted
Hegemonic stability theory - ✔✔the argument that regimes are most effective when power
in the international system is most concentrated, says hegemony reduces anarchy, provides a
hard currency, deters aggression, & promotes free trade, attributes the peace & prosperity post
WWII to US hegemony
Alliance cohesion - ✔✔the ease with which the members hold together an alliance; it tends
to be high when national interests converge and when cooperation among allies becomes
institutionalized
Burden sharing - ✔✔the distribution of the costs of an alliance among members; the term
also refers to the conflicts that may arise over such distribution (ex: NATO during the Cold War,
even though alliance cohesion was high)
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