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BIOLOGY EXAM 3: CAMPBELL- QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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BIOLOGY EXAM 3: CAMPBELL- QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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BIOLOGY EXAM 3: CAMPBELL-QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the
following reasons? - Answer-Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of
replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up
DNA? - Answer-The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction
of the other strand.
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate
group of the nucleotide being added and _________ of the last nucleotide in the
polymer. - Answer-the 3' OH
Which of the following results from Griffith's experiment is an example of
transformation? - Answer-Mouse dies after being injected with a mixture of heat-killed S
and living R cells.
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the
amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.-Which of the scientist was
responsible for this discovery? - Answer-Erwin Chargaff
In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3'
direction? - Answer-DNA polymerase III
Which of the following helps to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being
replicated? - Answer-single-strand DNA binding proteins
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA
replication? - Answer-It joins Okazaki fragments together.
Heterochromatin is _________, whereas euchromatin is _________. - Answer-highly
condensed, less compact
In the process of transcription, __________. - Answer-RNA is synthesized
Codons are part of the __________. - Answer-mRNA
A signal peptide __________. - Answer-helps target a protein to the ER
, A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The
corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is __________. - Answer-3' UCA 5'
The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is - Answer-the small subunit of
the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA.
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information
was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm. What is the mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - Answer-
Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the
DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
__________carries an amino acid to a strand of mRNA. - Answer-tRNA
__________ are noncoding segments of mRNA, and __________ are segments that
code for functional products. - Answer-Introns, exons
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a
homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? - Answer-0
At which phase is it preferable to obtain chromosomes to prepare a karyotype? -
Answer-Late prophase or metaphase
When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the
F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed
flies were male. What was the explanation for this result? - Answer-The gene involved is
on the X chromosome.
Which of the following statements is true of linkage? - Answer-The closer two genes are
on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome.
Between which two genes in Figure 15.1 would you expect the highest frequency of
recombination? - Answer-A and G
Which of the following is the meaning of the chromosome theory of inheritance as
expressed in the early 20th century? - Answer-Mendelian genes are at specific loci on
the chromosome and in turn segregate during meiosis.
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the
dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses
have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether or not
cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. The
relationship between genes S and N is an example of: - Answer-Epistasis
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