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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: CHAPTER 42 TEST PREPARATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: CHAPTER 42 TEST PREPARATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: CHAPTER 42TEST PREPARATION EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1) Gas exchange in the aquatic salamander known as the axolotl is correctly described
as
A) active transport to move oxygen into the salamander from the water.
B) carrier-mediated transport to move oxygen into the salamander from the water.
C) facilitated diffusion of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water.
D) simple diffusion of oxygen into the salamander from the water.
E) active transport of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water. - Answer-D
2) Circulatory systems have the primary benefit of overcoming the shortcomings of
A) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue.
B) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs across cells.
C) communication systems involving only the nervous system.
D) having to cushion animals from trauma.
E) fetal organisms maintaining an optimal body temperature. - Answer-B
3) To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal, atmospheric molecules
of oxygen must cross
A) zero membranesoxygen binds directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the
plasma of the blood.
B) one membranethat of the lining in the lungsand then bind directly to hemoglobin, a
protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood.
C) two membranesin and out of the cell lining the lungand then bind directly to
hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood.
D) four membranesin and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell
lining the pulmonary capillary-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved
in the plasma of the blood.
E) five membranesin and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell
lining the pulmonary capillary, and into the red blood cellto bind with hemoglobin. -
Answer-E
4) The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is
A) the digestive juices.
B) the intracellular fluid.
C) the blood plasma.
D) the cytosol.
E) the interstitial fluid. - Answer-E
5) Circulatory systems in molluscs
A) are open in all species of molluscs.
,B) are closed in all species of molluscs.
C) are open in species of large-sized molluscs and are closed in species of small-sized
molluscs.
D) are open in species of small-sized molluscs and are closed in species of large-sized
molluscs.
E) are open or closed without regard to body size. - Answer-D
6) The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to
A) that of birds, with a four-chambered heart.
B) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without
passage of blood through a pumping chamber.
C) that of reptiles, with one pumping chamber driving blood flow to a gas-exchange
organ, and a different pumping chamber driving blood to the rest of the circulation.
D) that of sponges, where gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external
environment.
E) that of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow. -
Answer-B
7) A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds
of a human's lungs will cause
A) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs.
B) an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood.
C) a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood.
D) an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst.
E) a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs. -
Answer-C
8) Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly
surrounds the body's cells are likely to have
A) an open circulatory system.
B) a closed circulatory system.
C) a gastrovascular cavity.
D) branched tracheae.
E) hemolymph. - Answer-B
9) In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous
circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?
A) annelids
B) molluscs
C) fishes
D) frogs
E) insects - Answer-D
10) The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body
tissues without first returning to the heart are the
A) amphibians.
, B) birds.
C) fishes.
D) mammals.
E) reptiles. - Answer-C
11) To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange
surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need
a(n)
A) open circulatory system.
B) hemocoel.
C) lymphatic system.
D) two-chambered heart.
E) four-chambered heart. - Answer-E
12) A portal system is
A) an area connecting arterioles to venules.
B) a series of vessels that returns blood to the heart in an animal with an open
circulatory system.
C) a space within or between organs where blood is allowed to pool.
D) a slightly muscular vessel that has minimal pumping action in an organism with no
heart.
E) a vessel or vessels connecting two capillary beds. - Answer-E
13) Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the
mammalian aorta?
A) systole of the left atrium
B) diastole of the right ventricle
C) systole of the left ventricle
D) diastole of the right atrium
E) diastole of the left atrium - Answer-C
14) Which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels has blood that is the least
similar in its gas content?
A) the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein
B) the veins from the right and left legs
C) the pulmonary artery and the vena cava
D) the pulmonary vein and the aorta
E) the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava - Answer-A
15) After several weeks of exercise, a human athlete's resting heart rate is typically
lower than before because
A) the body needs less oxygen than before.
B) the body temperature has increased.
C) the stroke volume has increased.
D) the cardiac output has decreased.
E) the body produces less carbon dioxide than before. - Answer-C
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