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PSYA01H3 FINAL EXAM (Terms and Definitions) UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
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PSYA01H3 FINAL EXAM (Terms and Definitions) UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
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PSYA01H3 FINAL EXAM (Terms and Definitions)UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
1. neuroimaging
✔✔a type of brain scanning that provides information about which
areas of the brain are active when a person is doing something
2. electroencephalogram (EEG)
✔✔measures patterns of brain activity with the use of multiple
electrodes attached to the scalp
3. positron emission tomography (PET)
✔✔a type of scan in which a low level of a radioactive isotope is
injected into the blood, and its movement to regions of the brain
engaged in a particular task is measured
4. sensation
✔✔the process of detecting external events with sense organs and
turning those stimuli into neural signals
5. perception
✔✔involves attending to, organizing, and interpreting stimuli that
we sense
6. transduction
✔✔when specialized receptors transform the physical energy of the
outside world into neural impulses
,7. sensory adaptation
✔✔the reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated
exposure to a stimulus
8. psychophysics
✔✔the field of study that explores how physical energy such as light
and sound and their intensity relate to psychological experience
9. absolute threshold
✔✔the minimum amount of energy or quantity of a stimulus
required for it to be reliably detected at least 50% of the time it is
presented
10. difference threshold
✔✔the smallest difference between stimuli that can be reliably
detected at least 50% of the time
11. weber's law
✔✔states that the noticeable difference between two stimuli changes
as a proportion of those stimuli
12. signal detection theory
✔✔states that whether a stimulus is perceived depends on both the
sensory experience and the judgment made by the subject
13. inattentional blindness
✔✔a failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because
attention is directed elsewhere
,14. peceptual constancy
✔✔the ability to perceive objects as having constant shape, size,
and colour despite changes in perspective
15. binocular depth cues
✔✔distance cues that are based on the differing perspectives of both
eyes
16. convergence
✔✔occurs when the eye muscles contract so that both eyes focus on
a single object
17. retinal disparity
✔✔the difference in relative position of an object as seen by both
eyes, which provides information to the brain about depth
18. monocular cues
✔✔depth cues that we can perceive with only one eye
19. sound localization
✔✔the process of identifying where sound comes from
20. place theory of hearing
✔✔how we perceive pitch is based on the location along the basilar
membrane that sound stimulates
, 21. primary auditory cortex
✔✔major perceptual centre of the brain involved in perceiving what
we hear
22. haptics
✔✔the active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
23. kinesthesis
✔✔the sense of bodily motion and position
24. nociception
✔✔the activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable
stimulation
25. gate-control theory
✔✔explains our experience of pain as an interaction between nerves
that transmit pain messages and those that inhibit these messages
26. phantom limb sensations
✔✔frequently experienced by amputees who report pain and other
sensations coming from the absent limb
27. multimodal integration
✔✔the ability to combine sensation from different modalities such as
vision and hearing into a single integrated perception
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