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NCA 623 Electrolyte And Hyperglycemia Exam Latest Update $9.99   Add to cart

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NCA 623 Electrolyte And Hyperglycemia Exam Latest Update

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NCA 623 Electrolyte And Hyperglycemia Exam Latest Update ...

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  • September 16, 2024
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NCA 623 Electrolyte And
Hyperglycemia Exam Latest
Update

Total body water is __% for men and __% for women. - Answer 60% for men and 50% for
women

TBW consists of __% intracellular fluid and __% extracellular fluid, which is __%
interstitial fluid and __% plasma fluid - Answer 65% intracellular fluid

35% extracellular fluid

- 28% interstitial fluid

- 7% plasma fluid

What assessment and diagnostics are critical for fluid and electrolyte status? - Answer
1. History

2. Serum electrolytes

3. Urine electrolytes, 24h urine collection is the gold standard

4. Serum osmolality

5. Urine osmolality, more exact than specific gravity

What is the risk associated with hypotonic hyponatremia? - Answer Fluid shift from
extra- to intracellular space causing cellular swelling and neurological compromise

What is the description and symptoms of hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia? -
Answer State of free water volume and sodium loss

- signs of dehydration, dry mucous membrane, tachycardia

How do you distinguish between renal and non-renal causes of hypovolemic hypotonic
hyponatremia? - Answer Urine sodium

- > 20 indicates renal salt wasting

- < 10 indicates salt conservation by the kidneys

What are the causes of hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, with a uNa > 20 mEq/L? -
Answer Low volume and kidneys are unable to conserve sodium:

, Thiazide diuretics

ACE inhibitors

Osmotic diuresis

Mineralocorticoid deficiency

Cerebral salt wasting

What are some causes of hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia with a uNa < 10 mEg/L? -
Answer Non-renal causes:

Sweating

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Third spacing

How is hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia treated? - Answer 1. Treat the cause

2. Sodium replacement

3. Volume replacement

4. Holding diuretics

How is chronic hyponatremia treated in mildly symptomatic patients? - Answer NS IV,
may give a diuretic once volume corrected

Correct at a rate of 0.5 mEq/L/hr or less

Recheck in 2 hours

How is acute hyponatremia treated in severely symptomatic patients? - Answer 3% NS
with loop diuretics once volume corrected

Correct at a rate of 2 mEq/L in the first two hours until symptoms resolve

Recheck Na Q2h

What are some causes of hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia? - Answer Fluid
retention and overload secondary to cardiac, hepatic, and renal disease

How is hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia treated? - Answer 1. Treat the cause

2. Loop diuretics

3. Free water restriction

What are some causes of euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia? - Answer SIADH

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