NAVLE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM SOLUTION TOP
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This is Sacrococcygeal dysgenesis, an inherited trait in Manx cats. Look for
dysgenesis, agenesis of sacrum or other spinal column abnormalities.
May present asymptomatic or with palpable lumbosacral abnormalities and
LMN hind limb signs. (Hopping or crouched gait). May see nonprogressive
urinary or fecal incontinence, chronic constipation.
Sequelae include recurrent urinary tract infections, megacolon.
NO treatment.
Follow this link to see the original Merck image.
Refs: Pasquini's, Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics, vol 1, 2nd ed. p.
537, and the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. - CORRECT
ANSWERS What is wrong with this picture?
A - Pelvic fracture
B - Tail root avulsion
C - Left acetabular fracture
D - Megacolon
E - Sacrococcygeal dysgenesis
This is the clinical picture of Pericardial effusion. Note the spherical
"Balloon heart". Follow this link to see a DV view of pericardial effusion. RX
of choice is pericardiocentesis.
Ascites, distended jugulars suggests RIGHT congestive heart failure (CHF),
more than left CHF (pulmonary edema, crackles, wheezes, cough).
,NAVLE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM SOLUTION TOP
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Cor pulmonale is just another name for right CHF due to pulmonary
hypertension.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) should be on your DDX. More likely to hear
systolic murmur, arrhytmias, less likely to be muffled heart sounds.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY resolves DDX between pericardial effusion, DCM and
Peritoneopericardial hernia.
Refs: Blackwell's 5-Minute Vet Consult Canine Feline, 4th ed. pp. 288-9,
1052-3, Tschauner/Pasquini's Guide to Sm An Clinics, 2nd ed. pp. 230-32
and the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. - CORRECT ANSWERS An
8-year old German shepherd is presented with a 1-month history of cough,
labored breathing and lethargy. He has fainted a few times after exertion.
Upon physical exam pallor and a slow capillary refill time is noted. The dog
has jugular distension, diminished, quiet heart sounds, ascites and weak,
variable femoral pulses.
T=102.0 F (38.9 C)..[N=99.5-102.5 F]
HR=140 bpm...........[N=80-120]
RR=24 brpm...........[N=15-34]
A thoracic radiograph reveals the following.
What is the clinical diagnosis?
A - Peritoneopericardial hernia
B - Dilated cardiomyopathy
C - Congestive heart failure (left)
D - Pericardial effusion
E - Cor pulmonale
,NAVLE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM SOLUTION TOP
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These are ventricular premature complexes (VPCs).
You had better be thinking the dog is in early stages of Dilated
Cardiomyopathy (DCM).
According to Merck, 9th ed. "...ventricular premature contractions on a
routine ECG in a presumed healthy DOBERMAN Pinscher or BOXER is
HIGHLY SUGGESTIVE of CARDIOMYOPATHY".
Echocardiography is the test of choice for definitive diagnosis of DCM.
Remember this mnemonic for DCM breed predispositions: "DCM in a BOX"
(ie: "D_obes, C_ockers, M_assive dogs (giant breeds), in a BOX_er"
ALWAYS FATAL. Death usually in 6 to 24 months after Dx. WORSE Prognosis
in DOBES, generally survive less than 6 months from Dx.
Ref: Blackwell's 5-Minute Vet Consult Canine Feline, 4th ed. pp. 210-1 and
the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. - CORRECT ANSWERS During
a routine dental cleaning under isoflurane anesthesia on an 8-year old male
neutered Doberman, the ECG monitor shows the following pattern.
The dog is stable and doing fine. What is this pattern?
A - Atrial fibrillation
B - Ventricular premature complexes
C - Atrioventricular (AV) block
D - Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
E - Sinus arrhythmia
, NAVLE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM SOLUTION TOP
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The preferred answer is canine pyometra.
Pyometra is a life-threatening emergency which typically requires
immediate surgery (ovariohysterectomy) if the cervix is closed and there is
no obvious discharge. Open cervix pyometras are likely to present with a
purulent discharge, simplifying Dx, but surgical ovariohysterectomy is still
STRONGLY recommended.
Pyometra should always be near the top of your DDX when presented with
an older intact female dog or cat with a fever and distended abdomen.
Follow these links to see a pyometra radiograph in a Norwegian Elkhound
and to see a pyometra ultrasound in a cat.
Refs: Blackwell's 5-Minute Vet Consult Canine Feline, 4th ed. pp. 1164-5
and the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. - CORRECT ANSWERS A 7
year-old intact female poodle is presented. The owner has noted a lot of
drinking and some urinary accidents in the house in the last week and that
the dog hasn't seemed herself either.
Yesterday she vomited twice. On physical exam the dog appears depressed
and listless, has dark injected mucous membranes and a distended tender
abdomen.
T=104 F (40 C)..[N=99.5-102.5 F]
HR=100 bpm.....[N=110-120]
RR=30 brpm......[N=15-34]
What diagnosis is of most immediate concern?
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