NSG 170 Test 4 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
What are the risk factors for developing an alteration in cellular regulation? ✅-
Smoking/tobacco
-Alcohol
-Poor nutrition
-Excess weight
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Exposure to environmental carcinogens
-Genetics
-Infectious agents (virus, chemical, radiation)
-Age
What diagnostic tests do we use for patients we suspect have an alteration in cellular
regulation? ✅- MRI
- Urinalysis
- Tumor markers
What are primary measures to prevent alterations in cellular regulation? ✅- Routine
Changes
- Vaccinations
- Prophylactic Surgery
Primary prevention measures include modifying risk factors (for example exercising,
quitting smoking, etc) as well as vaccinations such as the HPV vaccine to prevent
cervical cancer, and finally prophylactic surgery, such as having a suspicious looking
mole removed.
What secondary measures are implemented to screen and diagnose patients for
alterations in cellular regulation? ✅- Guaiac Test
- Colonoscopy
All secondary prevention measures are screenings. There are many, some listed below.
One she mentioned in class was the Guaiac test for occult blood in stools.
What are the recommended screening intervals for mammography? ✅- Mammography
- Women at average risk of breast cancer begin annual screening mammography at age
45. Women ages 40-45 should have the choice to start annual mammograms after risks
and potential benefits have been explained. Women age 55 and older may switch to
mammograms every 2 years. Mammography should continue as long as a woman is in
good health and has a life expectancy of at least 10 years
,What are the recommended screening intervals for colonoscopy? ✅Men and women
after age 50 should start having colonoscopies every 10 years
What are the recommended screening intervals for prostate screening? ✅- Levels
should start being checked in men (a digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be done as a
part of screening):
- Age 50 for men who are at average risk.
- Age 45 for men at high risk. (This includes African --- Americans and men who have a
first-degree relative (father or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age
(younger than age 65).
- Age 40 for men at even higher risk (those with more than one first-degree relative who
had prostate cancer at an early age)
If no prostate cancer is found as a result of screening, the time between future
screenings depends on the results of the PSA blood test: PSA of less than 2.5 ng/mL
may only need to be retested every 2 years. Screening should be done yearly for men
whose PSA level is 2.5 ng/mL or higher.
How do we manage the nursing care of a patient who has fatigue secondary to their
cancer and treatment? ✅- Allow rest
- Help them stay as active as possible -have them describe their fatigue to assess for
depression
- Assess for anemia and pain
- Low electrolyte levels corrections maybe needed
Colon Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Age (older than 50yrs)
- Genetic predisposition
- Personal or family history of cancer
- Diseases that predispose the patient to cancer such as familial adenomatous
polyposis (FAP), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
- There is also strong evidence that long-term smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and
heavy alcohol consumption are risk factors. (Iggy p.1127)
Breast Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Gender
- Age
- Family history
- Menstrual and pregnancy history
- Obesity
- Hormone replacement therapy.
(NC p.111) BRCA1 gene mutation that confers a 70% lifetime risk of developing either
breast or ovarian cancer. (NC p.106) Review table 70-1 in Iggy.
Lung Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Smoking
, - Secondhand smoke
- Thirdhand smoke
- Exposure to radon gas.
(NC p.106) Other Lung Cancer risk factors include chronic exposure to asbestos,
beryllium, chromium, coal distillates, cobalt, iron oxide, mustard gas, petroleum
distillates, radiation, tar, nickel, and uranium. (Iggy p.587)
Prostate Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Older age (older than 65yrs)
- Family history of the disease (increases with first-degree relative brother or father)
- Race
( NC p.111) Diet high in animal fat (red meat) and refined carbohydrates or having low
fiber intake, men who have a vasectomy or those exposed to environmental toxins,
such as arsenic, can also increase the risk. (Iggy p.1482)
Leukemia: Possible Risk Factors ✅- Ionizing radiation
- Viral infection
- Exposure to chemicals and drugs
- Disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome or Fanconi's anemia
- Genetic factors
- Immunity factors
- Environmental factors
- Interaction of these factors.
There is an increased incidence of the disease among patients with genetic conditions
such as Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Fanconi's
anemia. (Iggy p.818)
Lung Cancer: Signs & Symptoms ✅- Coughing (including coughing up blood)
- Weight loss
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain.
(NC p.111) Review Chart 30-5 in Iggy.
Leukemia: Signs & Symptoms ✅- Fever
- Infection
- Shortness of breath
- Tachycardia
- Bleeding
- Bruising
(NC p.111)
Correct Answers
What are the risk factors for developing an alteration in cellular regulation? ✅-
Smoking/tobacco
-Alcohol
-Poor nutrition
-Excess weight
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Exposure to environmental carcinogens
-Genetics
-Infectious agents (virus, chemical, radiation)
-Age
What diagnostic tests do we use for patients we suspect have an alteration in cellular
regulation? ✅- MRI
- Urinalysis
- Tumor markers
What are primary measures to prevent alterations in cellular regulation? ✅- Routine
Changes
- Vaccinations
- Prophylactic Surgery
Primary prevention measures include modifying risk factors (for example exercising,
quitting smoking, etc) as well as vaccinations such as the HPV vaccine to prevent
cervical cancer, and finally prophylactic surgery, such as having a suspicious looking
mole removed.
What secondary measures are implemented to screen and diagnose patients for
alterations in cellular regulation? ✅- Guaiac Test
- Colonoscopy
All secondary prevention measures are screenings. There are many, some listed below.
One she mentioned in class was the Guaiac test for occult blood in stools.
What are the recommended screening intervals for mammography? ✅- Mammography
- Women at average risk of breast cancer begin annual screening mammography at age
45. Women ages 40-45 should have the choice to start annual mammograms after risks
and potential benefits have been explained. Women age 55 and older may switch to
mammograms every 2 years. Mammography should continue as long as a woman is in
good health and has a life expectancy of at least 10 years
,What are the recommended screening intervals for colonoscopy? ✅Men and women
after age 50 should start having colonoscopies every 10 years
What are the recommended screening intervals for prostate screening? ✅- Levels
should start being checked in men (a digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be done as a
part of screening):
- Age 50 for men who are at average risk.
- Age 45 for men at high risk. (This includes African --- Americans and men who have a
first-degree relative (father or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age
(younger than age 65).
- Age 40 for men at even higher risk (those with more than one first-degree relative who
had prostate cancer at an early age)
If no prostate cancer is found as a result of screening, the time between future
screenings depends on the results of the PSA blood test: PSA of less than 2.5 ng/mL
may only need to be retested every 2 years. Screening should be done yearly for men
whose PSA level is 2.5 ng/mL or higher.
How do we manage the nursing care of a patient who has fatigue secondary to their
cancer and treatment? ✅- Allow rest
- Help them stay as active as possible -have them describe their fatigue to assess for
depression
- Assess for anemia and pain
- Low electrolyte levels corrections maybe needed
Colon Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Age (older than 50yrs)
- Genetic predisposition
- Personal or family history of cancer
- Diseases that predispose the patient to cancer such as familial adenomatous
polyposis (FAP), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
- There is also strong evidence that long-term smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and
heavy alcohol consumption are risk factors. (Iggy p.1127)
Breast Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Gender
- Age
- Family history
- Menstrual and pregnancy history
- Obesity
- Hormone replacement therapy.
(NC p.111) BRCA1 gene mutation that confers a 70% lifetime risk of developing either
breast or ovarian cancer. (NC p.106) Review table 70-1 in Iggy.
Lung Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Smoking
, - Secondhand smoke
- Thirdhand smoke
- Exposure to radon gas.
(NC p.106) Other Lung Cancer risk factors include chronic exposure to asbestos,
beryllium, chromium, coal distillates, cobalt, iron oxide, mustard gas, petroleum
distillates, radiation, tar, nickel, and uranium. (Iggy p.587)
Prostate Cancer: Risk Factors ✅- Older age (older than 65yrs)
- Family history of the disease (increases with first-degree relative brother or father)
- Race
( NC p.111) Diet high in animal fat (red meat) and refined carbohydrates or having low
fiber intake, men who have a vasectomy or those exposed to environmental toxins,
such as arsenic, can also increase the risk. (Iggy p.1482)
Leukemia: Possible Risk Factors ✅- Ionizing radiation
- Viral infection
- Exposure to chemicals and drugs
- Disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome or Fanconi's anemia
- Genetic factors
- Immunity factors
- Environmental factors
- Interaction of these factors.
There is an increased incidence of the disease among patients with genetic conditions
such as Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Fanconi's
anemia. (Iggy p.818)
Lung Cancer: Signs & Symptoms ✅- Coughing (including coughing up blood)
- Weight loss
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain.
(NC p.111) Review Chart 30-5 in Iggy.
Leukemia: Signs & Symptoms ✅- Fever
- Infection
- Shortness of breath
- Tachycardia
- Bleeding
- Bruising
(NC p.111)
