what animals must do? - - Mechanism for excreting waste
- Mechanism for development and growth
- Energy input
Disadvantage of multicellularity - Need special cell/cell connections
Need for cell/cell communication
Need system for distribution of nutrients
What traits to animals share? - Eukary...
PNB 2250 Exam 1
what animals must do? - - Mechanism for excreting waste
- Mechanism for development and growth
- Energy input
Disadvantage of multicellularity - Need special cell/cell connections
Need for cell/cell communication
Need system for distribution of nutrients
What traits to animals share? - Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, able to move
Why is the fossil record incomplete? - Needs to die near water, fossilization process needs to be in
a situation where there's no oxygen present, rapidly covered in soil so overtime the soil compresses
them and forms rock
Cell to cell connections in plants - Plasmodesmo, flow of nutrients between cells
Cell to cell connections animals - Tight junctions, strong connection
Some multicellularity advantages - Cells have dedicated tasks (increase efficiency)
Not all genes expressed (saves energy)
Cells are further away from surface, ease on homeostasis
Reason cells/tissues are different - because the genes are expressed differently, muscle tissues are
different than skeletal tissues because of gene expression
, Earth also continues to move, easier to find fossils closer to the earths crust, older fossils are being
pushed deep and deeper into the crust
Chanoflagelletes - around 665 million years old, not an animal but is considered an ancestor to
animals. They have cell adhesion, cell signaling and animal specific genes
Anagenesis - species formation without branching of the evolutionary line of descent.
How do animals evolve? - 1. Heritable traits
2. Speciationm anagenesis, extinction
3. Adaptations to changing enivornments
- Different solutions to the same problems
- Change can be rapid
covergent evolution - when structures look the same and share a common function but are not
derived from a common ancestor, think of falcon (bird) , bats (mammal, pteridactyl (reptile)
PROOF THAT: limited possible solutions to problems faced by problems, evolution drives these animals
to the final solution
why is immortality impossible? - because the universe doesn't have infinite amount of energy
Biochemistry is - universal, ATP is used everywhere, DNA/RNA shared
George Wald - Prevelance of CHNOPS, 96% of body mass
The chemistry is beneficial to life
Does the presence of an element in the body mean its essential to the body? - No, there has to be
a biological property for it to be essential to the animal
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