three frameworks of comparative systems - -Form & function of the parts under investigation
-Phylogenetic diversity & evolution of the system in different taxa
-Ecophysiology
Tech designs vs living systems - -Technological advancement is an evolutionary progression
-Organisms are impressive, be...
PNB 2250 EXAM 1
three frameworks of comparative systems - -Form & function of the parts under investigation
-Phylogenetic diversity & evolution of the system in different taxa
-Ecophysiology
Tech designs vs living systems - -Technological advancement is an evolutionary progression
-Organisms are impressive, beautiful & awe-inspiring
>Exceedingly complex in architecture & functional adaptations
>Appropriate to speak of life forms having "design"
Emergent properties of animal physiology - - Atoms
- Molecules
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Integrated organ systems
Physiological tolerances affects the _________ & ___________ of species.
Physiology also influences higher levels of biological organization (4 things): - distribution,
abundance
-Population
-Community
-Ecosystem
-Biome
Evolving specializations is risky because... - environments can change
, Other types of physiology - Locomotion
Reproduction
Development
three frameworks of organismal approach - 1. Taxonomic classification & evolutionary
history/context.
2. Anatomy & physiology
3. Ecology
Any mutation that increases an organism's survival & lifetime reproductive success will be favored by... -
natural selection
Adaptive evolution - emerges from a nonrandom accumulation of whatever traits worked best at
the time
Limitations of Evolutionary Designs - -Selection can only act on the existing working material in a
population
-Animal phenotypes are constrained by their previous evolutionary steps
-No metacognitive decision-making towards increasing fitness
-No progressive, or teleological, evolution towards achieving end goals
-No way to anticipate future conditions
-Species are exquisitely-crafted, yet imperfect sculptures...
NKA - pump (active transport) diagram takeaway - 1. Active transporter consumes ATP to remove
3 Na+ and Takes up 2 K+
2. Pump cycles 1000x/sec to maintain steady states of potassium & sodium (equilibrium)
Because of the NKA... - ➢Cation exchange is imbalanced. 3:2 pumping ratio (out:in)
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