NSG 170- Perfusion Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 170
Institution
NSG 170
Stroke volume (SV) The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with each contraction of the left ventricle
Heart Rate (HR) number of heart beats per minute
Cardiac output (CO) the amount of blood pumped by the heart into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute
Contractility the inheren...
NSG 170- Perfusion Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
Stroke volume (SV) ✅The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with each
contraction of the left ventricle
Heart Rate (HR) ✅number of heart beats per minute
Cardiac output (CO) ✅the amount of blood pumped by the heart into the pulmonary
and systemic circulations in 1 minute
Contractility ✅the inherent capability of the muscle fibers to shorten
Preload ✅Amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension, or stretch that exists at the end of
diastole, just before contraction of the ventricles. How much blood that is in the heart.
Afterload ✅the force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume
Ejection fraction ✅the fraction of percentage of the diastolic volume that is ejected
from the heart during systole
Blood pressure ✅the force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it is
pumped from the heart
Trouble with the lungs affects which side of the heart? ✅The right side. It affects
preload and means there is a fluid buildup somewhere. Causes high BP and high HR
Trouble with high cholesterol and MI affects which side of the heart? ✅The left side. It
affects afterload and leads to low BP and high HR
Alterations to perfusion ✅-clotting disorders
-childhood congential heart defects
-cardiac disease or illness of adulthood
-cardiac illness related to aging
Non-modifiable risk factors for perfusion alterations ✅age, race, gender, family history,
personal health history
Modifiable risk factors for perfusion alterations ✅smoking cessation, diet, exercise
Capillary refill ✅assess for venous filling, should be less than 2-3 seconds
, Apical pulse vs. Peripheral pulse ✅apical pulse-central pulse by the heart
peripheral pulse-pulses away from the heart
Doppler ✅handheld transducer that amplifies blood pressure/pulse sounds. used when
pulses can't be palpated
Doppler flow studies ✅often used when a fetus is smaller than normal for his or her
gestational age; show that blood flow in the umbilical vessels of a fetus with IUGR is
decreased, indicating that the fetus may not be receiving enough blood, nutrients, and
oxygen from the placenta
Renal ultrasound ✅a doppler derived technique to examine perfusion in the kidneys
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) ✅-ankle systolic blood pressure divided by arm systolic
blood pressure
-ABI of less than 0.9 indicates presence of PVD and significant risk of CAD
Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) ✅method that tracks the fetus's heartbeat, which
allows many characteristics of the FHR to be visually assessed
3-5 lead Electrocardiogram ✅3 lead:
-Red (RA)-placed under right clavicle near right shoulder within ribcage frame
-Yellow (LA)-placed under left clavicle near left shoulder within ribcage frame
-Green (LL)-placed on left side under pectoral muscles lower edge of left ribcage
5 lead:
same as above for first 3.
-White (V)-placed on 4th intercostal space at right sternal border
-Black (RL)-placed on a nonmuscular surface on the lower edge of right ribcage
Other diagnostic tests for perfusion ✅-urinalysis
-24 hour urine catch
-CBC
-BMP
-Cholesterol and lipoprotein profile
What is Peripheral vascular disease? ✅The narrowing of the "outer limit" blood vessels
of the arms, legs, and other organs
Two types of organic PVD are: ✅Atherosclerosis:
-happens over the course of years
-buildup of lipids and fibrous materials in the blood vessels
Embolus:
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