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Summary AP Chemistry exam rated A 2024
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AP Chemistry exam rated A 2024
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AP Chemistry exam rated A 2024Compounds can be separated into elements by ______, and mixtures can be
separated by _______. - chemical changes, physical changes
Filtering separates mixtures based on differences in _____... the _____particles
are trapped on the filter paper while the ____component goes through the filter
paper and stays in the "filtrate". - particle size, large, soluble
Distillation separates mixtures based on differences in____. - boiling point
Chromatography separates mixtures based on differences in___. - polarity
In paper chromatography, the component that is most similar in polarity to the
_____moves up the farthest. - "mobile phase"
____ is conserved during chemical and physical changes. - Mass
When reading a volume of a liquid in a container, you can ____by reading in
between the graduated markings. That can give you one more sig. fig. in your
volume. - estimate
,AP Chemistry exam rated A 2024
Ranking the following measuring devices from least precise to most precise:
burette, beaker, volumetric flasks, graduated cylinder - beaker, graduated cylinder,
volumetric flasks, burette (The volumetric flask only has ONE line on it to measure
one specific volume.)
Density = ? - mass/volume
The ____by mass for a pure compound does not change. - % composition
When an electron is in a higher the energy level, it is __________ away from the
nucleus and therefore has _____ Coulombic attraction to the nucleus and is
therefore _________ to remove - farther, less, easier
Moving across a row on the periodic table, the Z eff ____, therefore the valence
electrons are more attracted to the nucleus therefore the atomic radius ______
and the ionization energy _____. - increases, decreases, increases
When reading a PES graph, the higher the peak, the ____ electrons there are in
that sublevel, and a larger binding energy means that the electrons are _____ to
the nucleus. - more, closer
, AP Chemistry exam rated A 2024
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 - Example of electron configuration
When writing the electron configuration for a cation, remove the ______
electrons first...the ones in the p-orbital and s-orbital...then you can remove d-
orbital electrons if necessary. - valence
Isotopes of an element have the same number of _____, but different numbers of
______. - protons, neutrons
Mass spectroscopy graphs measure ______ of isotopes. - atomic masses
Elements in the same ______ have similar chemical and physical properties. -
group (vertical columns),
______ are on the left side of the zig-zag line and ______ are on the right side of
this line on the periodic table. - Metals, nonmetals
Cations (+) are ______ than their atoms since you are removing valence electrons
that are farther from the nucleus and anions (−) are _____ than their atoms since
adding extra electrons increases electron-electron repulsions. - smaller, larger
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