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Summary AP Chemistry Exam Important Concepts 2024
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AP Chemistry Exam Important Concepts 2024
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AP Chemistry Exam Important Concepts2024
How is the molar mass given on the periodic table calculated? - It is the average of
the mass numbers of all known isotopes weighted by their percent abundance
periods - horizontal rows of the periodic table
groups - vertical columns of the periodic table
mole - 6.022 * 10^23
STP - P = 1 atm, T = 273K
volume of 1 mole of gas at STP - 22.4 liters
molarity - moles of solute / liters of solution
molality - moles of solute / kilograms of solvent
4 quantum numbers - shell, subshell, orbital, spin
,AP Chemistry Exam Important Concepts
2024
electrons with higher shell number vs electrons with lower shell number - more
energy, less stability
subshell - describes shape of an electron's orbital
shapes of s and p - s subshells are spheres, while p are dumbbell shaped
aufbau principle - when building up the electron configuration, electrons are
placed in orbitals, subshells, and shells in increasing energy order
pauli exclusion principle - within an atom, no two electrons can have the same set
of quantum numbers
Hund's rule - when an electron is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an
empty orbital if one is available
What does it mean to say that the energy of electrons is quantized? - Electrons
can exist only at specific energy levels, separated by specific intervals
, AP Chemistry Exam Important Concepts
2024
energy of an electron in hydrogen - (-2.178 * 10^-18)/(n^2) Joules
When atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation, __________ - electrons jump to
higher energy levels
relationship between change in energy level and the electromagnetic radiation
absorbed or emitted - delta E = h*v
h - 6.63 * 10^-34
Dalton - said that there are many different kinds of atoms (elements) which
combine to form compounds in the same ratios
development of the periodic table - Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer
independently proposed arranging elements into early versions of the periodic
table
Thomson's experiment - due to the deflection of charges in a cathode ray tube, he
said that atoms are composed of positive and negative charges
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