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SWS3022 Exam 3 Questions and Answers | 100% Pass

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SWS3022 Exam 3 Questions and Answers | 100% Pass What is mineral formation? - Answer️️ -When aluminosilicates dervive charge from substitution of lower-charged cations for higher charged cations in the crystal matrix What charge results from mineral formation? - Answer️️ -permanent nega...

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  • September 16, 2024
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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM



SWS3022 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers | 100% Pass

What is mineral formation? - Answer✔️✔️-When aluminosilicates dervive charge from

substitution of lower-charged cations for higher charged cations in the crystal matrix


What charge results from mineral formation? - Answer✔️✔️-permanent negative charge

What substitution happens during mineral formation? - Answer✔️✔️-- Al3+ for Si4+

- Mg2+ for Al3+

What do charges on silicate crystal edges and on Al/Fe oxides depend on? -

Answer✔️✔️-protonation and deprotonation (results in variable, pH-dependent charge

What do organic colloids derive their charge from? - Answer✔️✔️-

protonation/deprotonation of hydrogen ions from acidic functional groups on humic

organic materials

What is an acid? - Answer✔️✔️-any substance which increases the hydrogen ion

concentration in solution

pH of 0-7

high H+ concentration

What are sources of acids? - Answer✔️✔️-- atmosphere: respiration from

microorganisms

- acid functional groups on organic matter

ammonium oxidation: nitrification and fertilizers

T/F charge balance must be maintained when plants uptake cations - Answer✔️✔️-true

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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM


Which side of the US has acidic vs basic rain? - Answer✔️✔️-- eastern US has acidic rain

- western US has basic rain

What is a base? - Answer✔️✔️-any substance that decreases the hydrogen ion

concentration in solution

OH- and CO3 ^2-

pH of 4-14

low H+ concentration

What are the two ions considered acidic in soils? - Answer✔️✔️-H+ and Al

- both are cationic

- Al participates in hydrolysis reactions with water

What is the hydrolysis of water? - Answer✔️✔️-- self-ionization of water

- H2O -> OH- + H+

H+ is the acid

OH- is the base

- in pure water, H+ and OH- amounts are equal

What is hydrolysis by aluminum? - Answer✔️✔️-- Al splits water and reacts with resulting

OH-

H2O -> OH- + H+

Al3+ + H2O = Al(OH)2+ + H+

Al(OH)2+ + H2O = Al(OH)2+ + H+

What is active acidity? - Answer✔️✔️-- acidity associated with soil solution

- this is what is measured when you take the pH of the soil (measure with a pH meter)

- cations held in solution
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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM


How do you measure active acidity? - Answer✔️✔️-- 1:1 or 2:1 extract (10g soil and 10

mL water or 10g soil and 20 mL water)

What is the pH formula concerning log? - Answer✔️✔️-pH = -log(H+)

-pH = log(H+)

10^-pH = 10^log(H+)

10^-pH = (H+)mol/L

What is exchangeable acidity? - Answer✔️✔️-- H+, Al3+Al(OH)2+, and Al(OH)2+ are all

cations

- acidity associated with cation exchange sites on mineral or organic colloids

- aka salt-replaceable acidity

- 100-1,000x more than in active acidity

- allows it to contribute to the pH of soil

- cations held near minerals and materials

What is residual acidity? - Answer✔️✔️-tightly bound to clay minerals and humic organic

materials

What is the formula for total acidity? - Answer✔️✔️-total acidity = active + exchangeable

+ residual

T/F Acids increase the H+ concentrations in solution - Answer✔️✔️-true

Acidity associated with the soil solution is called: - Answer✔️✔️-active acidity

Identify one source of H+ ions to soil - Answer✔️✔️-atmosphere (respiration from

microorganisms)

T/F Rainfall is naturally acidic - Answer✔️✔️-true


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