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DAT Taxonomy Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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DAT Taxonomy Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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DAT Taxonomytaxa - ANS levels of organization
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus and species
5 kingdoms - ANS monera, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
6 kingdoms - ANS monera, protista, fungie, plantae, animalia and archaebacteria
3 domain system - ANS bacteria, archaea, eukarya
domain bacteria - ANS all single celled prokaryotes with no internal membranes (no nucleus,
mitochondria, or chloroplasts, may be anaerobes/ aerobes, no introns
-pathogens, decomposers, undergo conjugation
domain archaea - ANS unicellular, prokaryotic, includes extremophiles like methanogens,
halophiles and thermophiles, have some introns present
halophiles - ANS thrive in environments with high salt concentration
thermophiles - ANS thrive in high temperatures
domain eukarya - ANS have nucleus and internal organelles
-include the kingdoms: protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
kingdom protista - ANS all are eukaryotes, single/multi celled, heterotrophs and autotrophs
-can have flagella, pseudopods, cillia
-can undergo conjugation
-can cause serious diseases
kingdom fungi - ANS heterotrophic eukaryotes, can be uni/multi celled, important decomposers,
carry out extracellular digestion by secreting hydrolytic enzymes
-detritivores
chitin - ANS what the cell walls of fungi are composed of
lichens - ANS where fungi and algae have a mutual symbiotic relationship
-can survive harsh conditions
asexual reproduction of fungi - ANS 1. budding - a cell grows out of an existing fungal cell
2. spore formation- where spores will germinate under favorable conditions to become active
, 3. fragmentation- where the parent breaks into parts that regenerate into new individuals
sexual reproduction in fungi - ANS fusion- where 2 haploid gametes fuse together (dikaryon)
and fuse their nucleus together to form a diploid zygote which undergoes meiosis and forms a
haploid progeny
endospores - ANS dormant form produced by some bacteria under harsh conditions
-have a thick peptidoglycan coat that can survive through extreme conditions
conjugation - ANS where a cell extends out a sex pili to another cell and it allows for replication
of plasmid and transfer of plasmid to neighboring cells. This is a way to share genetic
information, add to diversity and is a common way of conferring antibiotic resistance genes
lytic cycle - ANS 1. adsorption- bind to cell surface via tail
2. penetration- puncture cell wall and membrane/ inject genome into host cell
3. hydrolase is produced and degrades host's genome
4. replication of viral genome and synthesis of capsid protein
5. assembly of new virus particles
6. production of lysozyme to degrade the cell wall resulting in cell lysis and release of virus
lysogenic cycle - ANS 1) Adsorption - Bind cell surface via tail (host cell specific interactions)
2) Penetration - puncture cell wall and membrane and inject genome into the host cell
3) Integration of the phage genome into the host genome
4) Dormancy - viral genes not expressed by viral genome is transmitted to all progeny during
cell division
5) Activation - excision of viral DNA and entrance into the lytic cycle
kingdom plantae - ANS multicellular, nonmotile, autotrophic eukaryote, store their carbs as
starch, carry out photosynthesis with chlorophyll a and b
cell walls of plants - ANS cellulose
reproduction of plants - ANS sexually by alternating between gametophyte (n) and sporophyte
(2n) generations
tracheophytes - ANS have vascular tissue in plants
bryophytes - ANS no vascular tissue in plants (moss)
-roots (rhizoids)
kingdom animalia - ANS heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes, most are motile
reproduction of animalia - ANS reproduce sexually with a dominant diploid 2n stage
-small flagellated sperm fertilizes a large, nonmotile egg
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