NURS 321 - Exam 4 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 321
Institution
NSG 321
[musculoskeletal] What are the common signs and symptoms of the musculoskeletal system? - weakness - pain/tenderness - warmth - swelling/edema - gait disturbance - deformities
[musculoskeletal] During inspection of the musculoskeletal system, what are you looking for? (look at: overlying skin, ske...
NURS 321 - Exam 4 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
[musculoskeletal] What are the common signs and symptoms of the musculoskeletal
system? ✅- weakness
- pain/tenderness
- warmth
- swelling/edema
- gait disturbance
- deformities
[musculoskeletal] During inspection of the musculoskeletal system, what are you
looking for? ✅(look at: overlying skin, skeletal structure, & musculature)
- alignment
- contour
- deformities
- size
- color
- masses
- swelling
- asymmetry, atrophy
- posture (ability to stand/sit)
- bony structure, extremities
- gait
[musculoskeletal] During palpation of the musuculoskeletal system, what are you
looking for? ✅(look at: bones, joints, & surrounding muscles)
- muscle tone
- warmth/heat
- tenderness
- swelling/edema
- crepitus
- contour
- stability
[musculoskeletal] what should you keep in mind when palpating? ✅palpate the
injured/inflamed joints last
[musculoskeletal] what are you looking for when you assess ROM? ✅active + passive
measurement
- pain
- limited ROM
- spastic movement
- stability of joint
,- deformity
- contractions
[musculoskeletal] what action is considered adduction? ✅moving an extremity towards
from the midline or body
[musculoskeletal] what action is considered abduction? ✅moving an extremity away
the midline or body
[musculoskeletal] what action is considered supination? ✅palms up
[musculoskeletal] what action is considered pronation? ✅palms down
[musculoskeletal] how would you assess ROM of the neck? ✅Extension:
- moving head as far back as possible
Flexion:
- move chin towards the chest
Looking right and left
[musculoskeletal] how would you assess ROM of the shoulders? ✅- having the patient
cross one arm across the body as far as they can (both arms, one at a time)
- having the patient "scratch their back" as best as they can (both arms, one at a time)
- have patient reach as high and as far back as they can
- placing hands on the patients shoulders and asking them to shrug as best they can
[musculoskeletal] how would you assess the ROM of the back? ✅Flexion:
- bend forward as far as they can
Extension:
- bend backwards as far as they can
Left and Right Lateral Flexion
Left and Right Rotation (twist from waist)
[musculoskeletal] how would you assess the ROM of the hip? ✅- hip extension
- hip flexion
- Abduction and Adduction (while lying down or standing)
- external rotation
- feel for crepitus with one hand on the hip
[musculoskeletal] how would you assess the ROM of the knee? ✅Flexion:
- bend leg (heel to bottom)
Extension:
- straighten leg
* be aware of hyperextension *
, [musculoskeletal] How would you assess the ROM of the foot and ankle? ✅-
dorsiflexion (flex)
- plantar flexion (point)
- eversion + inversion
[musculoskeletal] how would you grade muscle strength? ✅- no evidence of muscle
contraction (0)
- evidence of slight muscle contraction, but not movement (1 trace)
- full ROM, passive (2 poor)
- full ROM, active with no resistance (3 fair)
- full ROM, active with some resistance (4 good)
- full ROM, with full resistance (5 normal)
[musculoskeletal] what are common disorders of the MS system? ✅- low back pain
(common)
- fractures
- osteoporosis
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- spinal column deformities
- osteomyelitis
[musculoskeletal] what are the different types of fractures? ✅- transverse = straight
across transverse plane
- oblique = (with offset [slanted without full breakage] and without offset [slanted with full
breakage])
- longitudinal
- spiral
- comminuted = shattered into pieces
- impacted
- avulsion
- segmental
- torus
- greenstick
[musculoskeletal] which two fractures are most common in children? ✅greenstick +
torus
[musculoskeletal] what do we know about osteoarthritis? ✅- degenerative joint disease
- decrease in cartilage
- pain with activity
- unilateral
- more common in weight bearing joints (hips, knees, fingers [DIP, PIP])
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