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Cognitive Neuroscience Exam 2 Study Guide questions with answers.
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Cognitive Neuroscience Exam 2 StudyGuide questions with answers.
Hierarchical structure in the premotor and primary motor cortex is evidenced by:
A. Early activation in the premotor cortex followed by the primary motor cortex for planned movements
before the motor movement occurs
B. Planning related activity in monkeys is activated first in the lower motor systems
C. Early activation in the primary cortex followed by the premotor cortex for planned movements before
the motor movement occurs
D. Delayed activation in the premotor cortex following activation in the primary cortex ANS -C. Early
activation in the primary cortex followed by the premotor cortex for planned movements before the
motor movement occurs
Lower motor neurons
A. plan movement.
B. initiate movement.
C. innervate skeletal muscles.
D. modulate the activity of upper motor neurons.
E. direct voluntary movement. ANS -C. innervate skeletal muscles.
Rhythmic movements, such as locomotion, in many animals
A. can occur in the absence of lower motor neurons.
B. involve spinal cord circuits called central pattern generators.
C. cannot be observed in cats with transected spinal cords.
D. need input from the brain in all cases. ANS -B. involve spinal cord circuits called central pattern
generators.
,The amount of cortical space in the primary cortex devoted to motor function is best described as:
A. Areas involved in fine motor control have less cortical space like the hands or face
B. Areas located further away from the primary motor cortex have less cortical space like the legs, feet
and toes
C. A greater amount of space is dedicated to areas that are important for survival like the legs, heart,
and lungs
D. A greater amount of space is dedicated to areas that exercise fine motor control like the hands or
face ANS -D. A greater amount of space is dedicated to areas that exercise fine motor control like the
hands or face
The primary motor cortex
A. has an equal representation of all body regions.
B. mediates the activity of individual muscles but not coordinated movements.
C. only specifies what to do but not how to do it.
D. differs from the frontal eye fields by not controlling the force of movement.
E. is in the frontal lobe of the brain. ANS -E. is in the frontal lobe of the brain.
Activity in premotor cortical areas suggests that
A. the primary motor cortex sends information to these areas before movement occurs.
B. this activity persists when monkeys are cued to stop planning a movement.
C. these areas play a role in the intention to move.
D. the superior colliculus is needed to instruct premotor cortical areas.
,E. this activity typically ends when movement cues are removed. ANS -C. these areas play a role in the
intention to move.
Anosognosia
A. all these areas play a role in the intention to move.
B. includes a loss of awareness of a deficit.
C. can result in patients denying their inability to move.
D. occurs when premotor areas are damaged along with the primary motor cortex.
E. provides evidence that the premotor cortex is the source of motor planning. ANS -A. all these areas
play a role in the intention to move.
Damage in the basal ganglia as found in people with Parkinsons disease show impairments in what
cognitive function:
A. Probabilistic decision tasks
B. The ability to perform goal directed movements
C. Reward enforced behavior only
D. Coordinated eye movement to track external stimuli ANS -A. Probabilistic decision tasks
Damage to the supplementary motor area in monkeys found:
A. Performance for well learned internally cued movements was affected but not for externally cued
movements
B. Performance for externally cued movements was affected but not for well learned movements
C. Only a deficit in particular action sequences
, D. Reward-guided behavior decreased in the presence of sensory cues ANS -A. Performance for well
learned internally cued movements was affected but not for externally cued movements
Error signals from the cerebellum
A. are not considered important for motor learning.
B. are hypothesized to be generated directly by prefrontal cortical output.
C. may be used to compare predicted and actual cognitive outcomes.
D. are not important for learning.
E. are probably only important for correcting motor behavior. ANS -C. may be used to compare
predicted and actual cognitive outcomes.
Which of these is the best description about why we need attention?
A. We don't need attention, it is something scientists thought up in order to get more funding
B. The brain uses distributed representations and it is difficult to have more than one such
representation active at once in a cortical area
C. We need something to filter information so we only attend to the one goal we are working on
D. There are just two many things around us for our brains to process ANS -B. The brain uses distributed
representations and it is difficult to have more than one such representation active at once in a cortical
area
In an endogenous cueing study, participants are fastest to respond to which of these types of trials?
A. valid cue
B. cue stick
C. invalid cue
D. neutral cue ANS -A. valid cue
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