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test 2 Cognitive neuroscience questions with actual answers.
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test 2 Cognitive neuroscience questionswith actual answers.
population vector ANS -each neuron is contributing a "vote" to the overall activity level (sum of all the
individual vectors)
- based on the strength and length of neurons response
- involved in intention to move: the population vector shifts in the direction of the upcoming movement
before the movement is produced
preferred direction ANS -most cells (M1) in the motor area show directional tuning
- neurons are involved in creating a motor plan/ population for the intention to move
motor cortex ANS -controls voluntary movements
system: pre motor cortex, motor cortex (receives input from cerebellum, basal ganglia etc.), and
supplementary area
primary motor cortex ANS -simple voluntary movement: connection between brainstem and spinal
cord, and send projections to muscles to activate or relax muscles
- execution of movement
receptive field: neuron controls specific type of body parts or effectors (topographic)
preference: direction of movement
note: information crosses the body (decussate) at medulla, so the right motor cortex controls left body
and vise versa
somatosensory cortex ANS -somatic sensation for touch, pain, temperature, limb proprioception
(knowing where limbs are in space)
location: parietal lobe - post central sulcus
, - stimulation to different areas in the cortex cause feelings of touch in those areas of the body
(topographic map)
- more neurons dedicated to a body part = the more sensitive (pressure and temperature) ex. finger pad
has many senses
supplementary motor areas ANS -superior to the primary motor cortex and is responsible for internal
guidance, types of movement that are executed internally, planned movement
prefrontal cortex ANS -part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language
movement: involved in working memory, complex movement, and learning new tasks
motor planning vs. execution ANS -EXECUTION
simple movement: primary motor cortex and somatosensory
complex movement: prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area (motor cortex and the
somatosensory cortex involved as well)
PLANNING MOVEMENT
planning movement: supplementary motor area
premotor cortex (PMC) ANS -part of the frontal lobe, involved in the computation of motor plans for
movements dependent on external stimulation
- involved in externally guided movements
learning vs learned areas (internal vs. external guidance) ANS -LEARNING
pre-motor cortex (PMC) - externally guided movement
prefrontal cortex - remembering instructions and verbalizing rules
LEARNED
SMA - internally guided movement
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