ECPI 2024. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM UNIT 3 (CH. 8-11). QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2024
Joints: - (correct answer) -- Articulations
- Bones coming together, so the joint can make the movement.
Structural Classification of Joints: - (correct answer) -1. Fibrous joints: Syndesmosis, suture,
gomphosis
2. Cartilaginous joints:
3. Synovial joints:
Functional Classification of Joints: - (correct answer) -1. Synarthrotic: immoveable
2. Amphiarthrotic: slightly moveable
3. Diarthrotic: Freely moving
Fibrous Joints: - (correct answer) -3 types:
- Syndesmosis
- Suture
- Gomphosis
Syndesmosis: - (correct answer) -- Fibrous joint
- Fibrous membrane that connects bones
- Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)
- Ex: interosseous membrane, interosseous ligament, in between radius and ulna in forearm,
in between tibia and fibula in leg
Suture: - (correct answer) -- In between skull bones
- Synarthrotic (immoveable)
Gomphosis: - (correct answer) -- Joint between teeth and jaw bone (holds teeth together)
- Peridontal ligament links the tooth with jaw bone
- Synarthrotic (immoveable)
Cartilaginous Joints: - (correct answer) -2 types:
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
Synchondrosis: - (correct answer) -- Hyaline cartilage that links bones together
2 places:
- between rib and sternum (linking them)
- synarthrotic (immoveable)
- Ex. Epyphyseal line - temporary until bone stops growth
Symphysis: - (correct answer) -- Fibrocartilage joint
- Ex: intervertebral discs & Pubic symphysis (link between 2 pubic bones)
- Amphiarthrotic (slight movement)
Pubic Symphysis: - (correct answer) -- Joint that does not move except when giving birth
(pregnant women feel pain because this joint usually does not move)
Joints can permit the bones to grow? - (correct answer) -Yes, because of synchondrosis
, Endochondral Ossification: - (correct answer) -All long bones are hyaline cartilage
Synovial Joints: - (correct answer) -- Diarthrotic (freely moveable)
6 Types of Synovial Joint Classifications: - (correct answer) -1. Ball-and-Socket Joint
2. Condylar Joint
3. Plane Joint
4. Hinge Joint
5. Pivot Joint
6. Saddle Joint
Ball-and-Socket Joint: - (correct answer) -Also called spheroidal joint
- Synovial joint
- In hip and shoulder
- Multiaxial
Hinge Joint: - (correct answer) -- Synovial joint
- In elbow, knee
- Uniaxial (in 1 plane)
Plane Joint: - (correct answer) -Also called gliding joint
- Synovial joint
- Carpal bones, tarsal bones
- Nonaxial
Condylar Joint: - (correct answer) -Also called ellipsoidal joint
- Synovial joint
- Between metacarpals and phallanges
- Biaxial movement
Pivot Joint: - (correct answer) -Also called trochoid joint
- Synovial joint
- Uniaxial
- Movement around an axis (like what happens in between head of radius and ulna and
between C1 and C2)
Saddle Joint: - (correct answer) -Also called sellar joint
- Synovial joint
- Biaxial
- Ex: thumb
Flexion: - (correct answer) -- Angular movement
- Decreasing the angle
Extension: - (correct answer) -- Angular movement
- Increasing the angle
Hyperextension: - (correct answer) -excessive joint movement in which the angle formed by
the bones of a particular joint is opened, or straightened, beyond its normal, healthy, range
of motion
Abduction: - (correct answer) -- Away from midline
Adduction: - (correct answer) -- Towards midline
Circumduction: - (correct answer) -- Circular movement
Pronation: - (correct answer) -turning the palm downward
(pivot joint)
Supination: - (correct answer) -movement that turns the palm up
(pivot joint)
Internal Rotation: - (correct answer) -Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.
External Rotation: - (correct answer) -Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline
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