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NSG 120 Final Exam Questions Correctly Answers| LATEST UPDATE
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NSG 120 Final Exam Questions Correctly Answers|LATEST UPDATE
Pathogenesis - (answer) The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the
tissue changes related to the specific disease process.
Onset - (answer) sudden OR acute- An acute disease indicates a short-term illness that develops
quickly with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain—for example, acute appendicitis; onset may
be insidious, best described as a gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs.
Chronic - (answer) often a milder condition developing gradually, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but it
persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage. Often a chronic disease is
marked by intermittent acute episodes.
Subclinical (stage/phase) - (answer) in which pathologic changes occur but the patient exhibits no
obvious manifestations, perhaps because of the great reserve capacity of some organs.
Latent stage - (answer) "silent" stage, in which no clinical signs are evident, characterizes some
diseases. In infectious diseases this stage may be referred to as the incubation period, which is the time
between exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms; it may last for a day or so
or may be prolonged, perhaps for days or weeks.
Disease transmission of an insect bite - (answer) The injury occurs when the insect either bites or
stings the patient. Venom is injected into the tissue, resulting in the body's response to a foreign
protein.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tick Bite disease transmission - (answer) The causative agent,
Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by the wood tick and is carried in the feces of infected ticks. It is
introduced into the bloodstream of a person during a prolonged tick bite.
,Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - (answer) Class triad: headache, fever, maculopapular
rash (bumps and petechial rash)
high fever
Malaria/Mosquito bite disease transmission - (answer) Malaria is caused by four species of the
protozoan genus Plasmodium, which is transmitted from infected human to human by the bite of
mosquito vectors or, less commonly, by blood transfusion or IV drug use.
Disease transmission of animal/human bites - (answer) The bite occurs when the offending animal is
agitated, frightened, threatened, or angry. Bites can be from domestic animals, such as cats and dogs;
farm animals; or wild animals, such as skunks, bats, raccoons, and foxes. Human bites have been
recorded.
The pattern of the teeth marks is helpful in determining the type of bite, human or animal, and the type
of animal that did the biting if not immediately known.
Snake bite disease transmission - (answer) Four kinds of poisonous snakes are known to inhabit the
United States: rattlesnakes, copperheads, water moccasins, and coral snakes.
Some bites are the work of nonpoisonous snakes, but all snakebites should be treated as poisonous by
the first aid provider.
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - (answer) The cardinal signs of inflammation are redness (rubor or
erythema), heat, swelling, and pain; sometimes loss of function
Diangostic blood changes that may indicate inflammation? - (answer) *Leukocytosis (increased WBC)
*Differential count of WBC
*plasma protein (increased prothrombin and fibrinogen)
*CRP (appears with acute inflammation and necrosis)
,*increased ESR
*cell enzymes present (may indicate necrosis)
Treatment of inflammation - (answer) *Drugs - Aspirin, NSAIDS, etc.
*RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
*Compression stockings
*Moderate exercise
Opportunistic infection - (answer) Microbes that are not usually pathogenic but can become
pathogenic when transferred into another location of the body, if the balance of the species is not
maintained, or if the body's defense is impaired.
Stages of Pressure Ulcers - (answer) Stage I: Intact skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color
may differ from the surrounding area.
Stage II: Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed,
without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ ruptured serum-filled blister.
Stage III: Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not
exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining
and tunneling.
Stage IV: Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be
present on some parts of the wound bed. Often include undermining and tunneling. Deep Tissue Injury
Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of
underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful,
firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.
, Unstageable: Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan,
gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in wound bed
Glaucoma signs & symptoms (narrow and open angle) - (answer) One of the major causes of
blindness.
Can occur at any age but most common in those over 60.
Narrow angle Glaucoma: occurs when the angle between the cornea and the iris in the anterior chamber
is decreased by factors such as an abnormal anterior insertion of the iris. With aging, the lens enlarges,
pushing the iris more forward and to the side. Increase in intraocular pressureBlocks aqueous fluid.
Chronic Glaucoma (wide angle): Most common form of glaucoma in 1-2% of population. Trabecular
network becomes obstructed. Damage is irreversible and causes blindness
Retinopathy signs & symptoms (diabetic) - (answer) Pathologic alteration of the retinal blood vessels
affecting clarity and sharpness of vision. Characterized by microaneurysm, hemorrhages, dilation of
retinal veins, macular edema, and the formation of abnormal new vessels (neovascularization). Occurs
after DM onset.
Macular degeneration signs & symptoms - (answer) Progressive deterioration of the macula of the
retina. Early onset may include distortion of central vision. Usually painless and does not affect
peripheral vision. May eventually lose all central vision.
Otitis Media - (answer) inflammation or infection of the middle ear cavity.
Exudate builds up in the ear canal and puts pressure on the tympanic membrane. Asymptomatic but the
pressure may cause pain or ear ache related to pressure.
Otitis externa - (answer) Infection of the outer ear (ear canal); "Swimmer's ear" is a bacterial
infection of the external auditory canal and pinna. Severe pain, a red, swollen ear canal, hearing loss,
fever, pruritus. purulent or watery drainage
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