Nursing 321 Nutrition Review Questions
and Correct Answers
What is nutrition? ✅Nutrition is a basic component of health and is essential for normal
growth and development, tissue maintenance and repair, cellular metabolism, and
organ function. Adequate access to nutrition is imperative to attain and maintain this
component of health.
Nutrients are the elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body
processes.
What is food security? ✅Food security is critical for all members of a household. This
term means that all household members have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious
food to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Decreased food security leads to? ✅Decreased food security or access to healthy
nutrition can result in poor patient outcomes such as longer hospital admissions due to
delayed healing or adverse effects on health conditions
Current standards of care when it comes to nutrition is ✅Current standards of care
promote optimal nutrition in all patients, including a low-fat diet and limiting red meat
specifically
Box 45.1 Examples of Nutrition Objectives for Healthy People 2020 (WEIGHT AND
GROWTH) ✅Weight and Growth
• Increase proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight (body mass index [BMI] 18.5
to 24.9).
• Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.
• Reduce the proportion of children (2 to 11 years) who are overweight or obese.
Box 45.1 Examples of Nutrition Objectives for Healthy People 2020 (FOOD AND
NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION) ✅Food and Nutrient Consumption
• Decrease saturated fat intake in population 2 years and older.
• Increase the variety of vegetables and fruit intake in the population 2 years and older.
• Increase grain product intake and consumption of calcium in the population 2 years
and older.
• Reduce sodium daily intake in the population 2 years and older.
Box 45.1 Examples of Nutrition Objectives for Healthy People 2020 (IRON
DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA) ✅Iron Deficiency and Anemia
• Reduce prevalence of iron deficiency in children and childbearing women.
• Reduce prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in third trimester to 20%.
,Box 45.1 Examples of Nutrition Objectives for Healthy People 2020 (SCHOOLS, WORK
SITES AND NUTRITION COUNSELING) ✅Schools, Work Sites, and Nutrition
Counseling
• Increase work-site nutrition-education and weight-management program offerings.
• Offer nutrition assessment and individualized planning at primary care sites.
• Increase the percentage of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of
school meals.
• Increase the number of states with nutrition standards for food and beverages
provided to preschool-age children in child care.
Box 45.1 Examples of Nutrition Objectives for Healthy People 2020 (FOOD SECURITY)
✅Food Security
• Increase food security to 94% of households.
Normal body mass index levels are ✅18.5-24.9
Why does the body require fuel? ✅The body requires fuel to provide energy for cellular
metabolism and repair, organ function, growth, and body movement.
What is the basal membrane rate? ✅The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy
needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and
temperature) for a specific amount of time.
Which factors affect the amount of energy we may need? ✅Factors such as age, body
mass, gender, fever, starvation, menstruation, illness, injury, infection, activity level, and
thyroid function affect energy requirements.
What is the resting energy expenditure? ✅The resting energy expenditure (REE), or
resting metabolic rate, is the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24-hour
period for your body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest. Factors
that affect metabolism include illness, pregnancy, lactation, and activity level.
What is kilocalories? ✅(Calories) energy value of foods in measured unites
How do we meet energy needs? ✅We meet energy needs through the intake of a
variety of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals
What are the variety of nutrients? ✅Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamin and
minerals.
What is nutrient density? ✅The nutrient density of food refers to the proportion of
essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories. High-nutrient dense foods such as
fruits and vegetables provide a large number of nutrients in relationship to kilocalories.
Low-nutrient dense foods such as alcohol or sugar are high in kilocalories but nutrient
poor.
,What are carbohydrates composed of? ✅Carbohydrates, composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, are the main source of energy in the diet.
What nutrient is the main source of energy in our diet? ✅Carbohydrates
How much of kcal is each gram of carbohydrates? ✅Each gram of carbohydrate
produces 4 kcal/g
Carb serve as the main source of fuel (glucose) for which specific body systems?
✅serves as the main source of fuel (glucose) for the brain, skeletal muscles during
exercise, erythrocyte and leukocyte production, and cell function of the renal medulla.
How do we obtain carbohydrates? ✅We obtain carbohydrates primarily from plant
foods except for lactose (milk sugar)
Which carbs aren't obtain from plant foods? ✅Lactose (milk sugar)
How are carbs classified? ✅Carbohydrate classification occurs according to their
carbohydrate units, or saccharides.
Which carbs do not break down further into basic carb units? ✅Monosaccharides such
as glucose (dextrose) or fructose do not break down into a more basic carbohydrate
unit.
Another word for glucose ✅dextrose
Examples of disaccharides ✅Disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose are
composed of two monosaccharides and water.
What is simple carbohydrates? ✅Simple carbohydrate is the classification for both
monosaccharides and disaccharides; they are found primarily in sugars.
What is complex carbohydrate? ✅Polysaccharides such as glycogen make up
carbohydrate units too (i.e., complex carbohydrates).
They are insoluble in water and digested to varying degrees.
Example of polysaccharide ✅glycogen, starch, fiber
Why is the body unable to digest some polysaccharides? ✅The body is unable to
digest some polysaccharides because we do not have enzymes capable of breaking
them down.
The inability to break down fiber means that it does not contribute calories to the diet.
, What is fiber? ✅Fiber, a polysaccharide, is the structural part of plants that is not
broken down by our digestive enzymes.
examples of insoluble fiber ✅cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are not digestible.
examples of soluble fiber ✅Soluble fibers dissolve in water and include barley, cereal
grains, cornmeal, and oats.
Protein is ✅Proteins provide a source of energy (4 kcal/g); they are essential for the
growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue
Examples of body processes made of proteins ✅Collagen, hormones, enzymes,
immune cells, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are all made of
protein.
Body functions that requires protein ✅blood clotting, fluid regulation, and acid-base
balance require proteins.
How to maintain nitrogen balance? ✅Ingestion of proteins
What is the simplest form of protein and what does it consist of? ✅The simplest form of
protein is the amino acid, consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
examples of indispensable amino acids ✅Because the body does not synthesize
indispensable amino acids, we need these to be provided in our diet. Examples of
indispensable amino acids are histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine.
Where does indispensable amino acids come from? ✅In our diet
Where does dispensable amino acids come from and what are some examples of it?
✅The body synthesizes dispensable amino acids. Examples of amino acids
synthesized in the body are alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid.
Examples of simple proteins ✅Albumin and insulin are simple proteins because they
contain only amino acids or their derivatives.
What is complex proteins? ✅The combination of a simple protein with a nonprotein
substance produces a complex protein such as lipoprotein, formed by a combination of
a lipid and a simple protein.
Another word for complete protein? ✅High-quality protein
