Introduction to Pharmacology EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
A patient asks you about the difference between a generic drug and a trade- or brand-
name drug. You explain that a generic drug (Select all that apply.) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--
has the same chemical composition as the brand-name drug.
-may have several brand names.
-is usually less expensive than a brand-name drug.
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--Distribution is the movement of a drug by the circulatory system to
its intended site of action.
-Metabolism is the change that occurs in a drug into a more or less potent or more
soluble form after it passes through the liver, kidneys, intestinal mucosa, or other body
organ or part.
-Excretion is the removal of the drug or its metabolites through the kidneys,
gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lungs.
-Absorption is the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the circulatory
system.
A patient with glaucoma asks you about taking oxybutynin (Ditropan), a muscarinic
antagonist, to manage an overactive bladder. You explain that glaucoma is a
contraindication for taking oxybutynin. Patients should not take a drug that is
contraindicated because of its potential for which of the following? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Serious adverse reactions
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--The peak drug level is the time it takes a drug to demonstrate its
full therapeutic effect.
-Duration of action is the length of time the drug's therapeutic effect lasts.
-The trough drug level is the point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body.
,-The onset of action is the time it takes for a drug to demonstrate a therapeutic
response.
You note that a primary care provider prescribed morphine sulfate, an opioid agonist, to
relieve a patient's postoperative pain. Which of the following describes the action of an
agonist on a receptor? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Activates the receptor
A patient who has a peanut allergy comes to the emergency department with suspected
anaphylactic shock. Which of the following actions should you anticipate taking? (Select
all that apply.) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--Initiate oxygen therapy to support respiratory
function.
-Administer epinephrine to increase blood pressure.
-Give diphenhydramine to stop histamine release.
-Establish and maintain an open airway to ensure oxygenation.
You are talking with a patient about taking tetracycline along with an antacid. You tell
the patient not to take these two drugs at the same time because the antacid can
reduce the absorption of tetracycline. When one drug reduces the effect of another
drug, it is - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-an antagonistic effect.
Primary care providers prescribe drug dosages for children using which of the following
information? (Select all that apply.) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--Body surface area
-Age
-Weight
-Drug properties
An older adult patient may be at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following
physiologic changes associated with aging? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Reduced hepatic blood
flow
You are helping a patient learn how to give himself an insulin injection. Which of the
following is the best method for evaluating effective learning? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Have
the patient demonstrate an insulin injection.
Six Parts of Med Orders - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. date/time the order was taken
2. pt name and dob
3. dosage and/or amount of medication
4. route
5. directions including time to be administered/frequency
6. If controlled substance-- DEA# and refill#
What system is preferred for measurements? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-metric
Pediatric dosage should account for... - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--age
-weight
Prevention of Med Errors - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. Never leave a naked decimal point
2. Never place a decimal point and 0 after a whole number
3. Avoid using decimals when you can use whole # (ex: 25mcg vs. 0.025mg)
4. Always question of the order doesn't make sense
5. Use references
What to do if Med Error? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--report immediately
-document it and the corrective action
-complete incident report
Responsible Drug Administration - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--up to date on info about all meds
-widsom and judgement to accurately assess pts needs
-skill in delivery
-patient education
7 Rights of Med Administration - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. right medication
2. right amount
3. right time
4. right route
5. right patient
6. right documentation
7. right technique
What is MedWatch? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-FDA maintained which encourages health care
professionals to report adverse effects that occur from the use of and approved drug or
other medical products
Types of admin by GI route? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--oral
-rectal
-percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube or g-tube
-nasogastric tube (NGT)
Oral route advantages and disadvantages - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Advantages:
convenience, pt comfort, safety, less expensive
Disadvantages: slowest absorption and action, rate and degree of absorption vary with
GI contents and motility, some drugs destroyed in GI, difficult if pt had N/V, possible
aspiration, must be conscious, cannot use if NPO
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