NSG321 - Fundamentals of Nursing -
Final Exam Study Questions and Correct
Answers
What are graduated compression stockings? ✅Passive interventions for preventing
DVT and Venous stasis.
What does R stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? ✅Rescue anyone in danger.
What does A stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? ✅Activate the fire alarm &
notify someone.
What does C stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? ✅Confine the fire by closing
the doors & windows.
What does E stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? ✅Evacuate patients & others
to safety.
What are some safety measures for crutch walking? ✅Inspect crutch tips, replace worn
tips, inspect crutch structure
How should crutches be positioned for correct use? ✅Top of crutches below armpits,
weight on hands, elbows close to sides, handgrips even with hips
What is the correct technique to rise from a chair using crutches? ✅Slide forward,
extend injured leg, place crutches on unaffected side, lean forward and push off
What is the correct technique to climb stairs with crutches? ✅Advance affected leg
past crutches, place weight on unaffected leg, advance affected leg and crutch to step
What is the correct technique to descend stairs with crutches? ✅Move crutches and
affected leg first, followed by unaffected leg
What is isotonic exercise? ✅Muscle shortening & active movement (ex: walking,
swimming)
What is isometric exercise? ✅Muscle contraction without shortening (ex: wall squat)
What is isokinetic exercise? ✅Muscle contractions with resistance (ex: lifting weights)
,What is active exercise? ✅PT moves joints independently with full ROM
What is passive exercise? ✅Nurse moves joints through ROM because PT cannot
What does safe patient transfer include? ✅User training, device wear & tear, suitability
of equipment, & correct operation of equipment
What should be assessed about the patient before transferring? ✅Diagnosis, health
issues, capabilities, and any movement restrictions
What should be assessed about the patient's ability to assist with the transfer?
✅Encourage patient to assist, eliminate unnecessary tasks
Why is patient engagement important in safe transfers? ✅To prevent adverse events
What should be ensured before moving the patient? ✅Enough staff available and
present
What should be assessed about the area before transferring? ✅Clutter, accessibility,
and availability of devices
What tool can be used to aid in patient assessment? ✅Screening or assessment tool
for safe handling and mobility
What should be decided before transferring the patient? ✅Which equipment to use
What should be planned before transferring the patient? ✅Assess mobility of
equipment and communicate the plan with staff and patient
What are fall risk factors? ✅Poor gait & balance
strength issues
visual impairment
problems with feet or shoes
Comorbidities
Meds
orthostatic hypotension
hazards in the home
vitamin D deficiency.
What are some factors that contribute to poor gait and balance? ✅Strength issues,
visual impairment, problems with feet or shoes.
What are some comorbidities that increase fall risk? ✅Depression, osteoporosis.
,What is orthostatic hypotension? ✅A drop in blood pressure when standing up.
What are some hazards in the home that increase fall risk? ✅Unstable furniture,
slippery floors, poor lighting.
How does vitamin D deficiency contribute to fall risk? ✅It weakens bones and muscles.
What are some intrinsic fall risk factors? ✅Advanced age
previous falls
muscle weakness
gait & balance problems
postural hypotension
poor vision
Comorbidities
vitamin D deficiency
fear of falling.
What are some extrinsic. fall risk factors? ✅Lack of stair handrails
Poor stair design
Lack of bathroom grab bars
Dim lighting or glare
Slippery or uneven surfaces
Obstacles and tripping hazards
Medications
Improper use of assistive devices
What is a gait belt? ✅A belt used for transferring and assisting with ambulation.
How is a gait belt used? ✅Placed around the waist, the nurse holds onto the handles
of the belt to steady and assist the patient.
When should a gait belt not be used? ✅If the patient has abdominal or thoracic
incisions.
What are lateral-assist devices? ✅Devices that reduce surface friction during side-to-
side transfers.
Give examples of lateral-assist devices. ✅Roller boards, slide boards.
What are friction-reducing sheets used for? ✅To prevent skin shearing during bed
movement and lateral transfers.
What may be required when using friction-reducing sheets? ✅Excessive force and
overexertion by caregiver.
, What do mechanical lateral-assist devices do? ✅Eliminate the need for manual sliding
of the PT.
When are transfer chairs used? ✅For PTs with no weight-bearing capacity, inability to
follow directions, or lack of cooperation.
What are powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts used for? ✅PTs with some
weight-bearing ability, ability to follow directions, and cooperation.
What are powered full-body lifts used for? ✅PTs who cannot bear any weight and
need assistance with bed, chair, or commode transfers.
What is the purpose of using a screening or assessment tool? ✅To assess the PT's
ability to walk and need for assistive devices.
When should a gait belt be used? ✅When the PT is not independent and needs
steadying, but not lifting.
What should be explained to the PT before walking? ✅Exactly what is to be done,
including transfer from bed to erect position, distance of ambulation, assistance
available, and correct manner.
What should the PT do if feeling dizzy or weak? ✅Alert the nurse.
What should be ensured before ambulation? ✅That the PT has a clear path.
What type of footwear should the PT have? ✅Skidproof footwear.
What position should the PT be in for ambulation? ✅Erect position.
When should a pause be taken during ambulation? ✅After the PT is seated at the
edge of the bed and after the PT first stands to ensure steadiness.
What should be done if the PT faints or falls? ✅Stand with feet apart, wide base, rock
pelvis out on the side facing the PT. Use a gait belt and guide the PT slowly to the floor
while supporting them on the thigh, protecting PT head.
How should a one nurse assist be performed? ✅Stand at PT side, both hands on PT
waist. Stand on PT weaker/affected side.
How should a two nurse assist be performed? ✅Hold onto gait belt, support PT's near
arm by holding PT's lower arm or hand.
