USMLE STEP 2 CK BUNDLED EXAMS
2024 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2024
GRADED A+
Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism causes - ANS-Air embolism.
Macroscopic fat embolism. Methylmethacrlate embolization from
vertebroplasty. Radioactive seed embolization from prostate
brachytherapy.
PAH is defined as a systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery
exceeding - ANS-30 mm Hg.
Typical radiographic findings of PAH are - ANS-Enlarged main and
hilar pulmonary arteries that taper rapidly toward lung periphery. RV
enlargement.
PAH measurements of proximal interlobar pulmonary artery (CXR)
and main pulmonary artery (CT) - ANS-Interlobar pulmonary artery >
16 mm. Main pulmonary artery > 28.6 mm.
In addition to PAH, enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries
may be seen in - ANS-High cardiac output (anemia, thyrotoxicosis).
Left-to-right shunts (ASD, VSD, PDA, PAPVR).
Shunt vascularity on chest radiographs - ANS-Enlargement of both
central and peripheral pulmonary arteries.
Disorders of the pulmonary arteries that produce PAH include -
ANS-Chronic PEs. Vasculitis. Pulmonary arteriopathy resulting from
,long-standing increased pulmonary blood flow from left-to-right
shunt.
Multiple pulmonary nodules of similar size and appearance are
almost always - ANS-Metastases. Granulomas.
Pulmonary nodule is defined as - ANS-Round or oval opacity 4 to 30
mm in diameter.
Pulmonary mass is defined as - ANS-Round opacity greater than 3
cm.
Differential in a patient under the age of 35, particularly a
nonsmoker without a history of malignancy, - ANS-Granuloma.
Hamartoma, Inflammatory lesion.
An SPN in a patient over 35 years of age should never be followed
radiographically without tissue confirmation unless the lesion
contains - ANS-Benign pattern of calcification. Presence of
intralesional fat.
Studies have shown that bronchogenic carcinoma has a doubling
time of - ANS-Between 1 month and 2 years.
Presence of small satellite nodules around the periphery of a
dominant pulmonary nodule is strongly suggestive of - ANS-Benign
disease, particularly granulomatous infection.
Presence of a halo of ground-glass opacity encircling an SPN in an
immunocompromised, neutropenic patient should suggest the
diagnosis of - ANS-Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
,Comet tail of bronchi and vessels entering the hilar aspect of the
mass, and associated with lobar volume loss is characteristic of -
ANS-Round atelectasis.
Complete or central calcification within an SPN is specific for - ANS-
Healed granuloma from tuberculosis or histoplasmosis.
Concentric or laminated calcification of an SPN - ANS-Granuloma
and allows confident exclusion of neoplasm.
Popcorn calcification within a pulmonary nodule is diagnostic of -
ANS-Pulmonary hamartoma.
Fat within an SPN is diagnostic of a - ANS-Pulmonary hamartoma.
Enhancement of malignant SPNs - ANS-15 H.
Most common thoracic inlet masses? - ANS-Thyroid masses.
Lymphomatous nodes. Lymphangiomas.
Intrathoracic thyroid goiter CT findings? - ANS-Well-defined
margins. Continuity of mass with cervical thyroid. Coarse
calcifications. Cystic or necrotic areas. Baseline high CT
attenuation (intrinsic iodine content). Intense enhancement (>25 H).
Lymphangioma? - ANS-Tumor of dilated lymphatic channels. Cystic
or cavernous form (cystic hygroma) is commonly discovered in
infancy and is often associated with : Turner syndrome and
trisomies 13, 18, and 21.
, Thymoma versus thymic carcinoma - ANS-Thymomas may be
encapsulated (noninvasive) or invasive. Thymic carcinomas,
epithelial component shows signs of frank malignancy.
Thymoma-associated autoimmune diseases - ANS-Myasthenia
gravis. Pure red cell aplasia. Graves disease. Sjogren syndrome.
Hypogammaglobulinemia.
Thymic cysts - ANS-Congenital: Remnants of thymopharyngeal
duct. Contain thin or gelatinous fluid. Acquired: Postinflammatory.
Associations: AIDS, Prior radiation or surgery, Autoimmune
conditions (Sjögren syndrome, Myasthenia gravis, Aplastic anemia).
_________ is the most frequent site of a localized nodal mass in
patients with Hodgkin disease. - ANS-Anterior mediastinum.
A key in distinguishing primary from metastatic mediastinal germ
cell neoplasm is the presence of - ANS-Retroperitoneal lymph node
involvement in metastatic gonadal tumors.
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