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Psych 460 Exam Prep Test| Questions & Answers-Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Exam Prep Test| Questions &Answers-Complete Solutions
Advantages of cross-sectional studies - ✔✔yields useful data about differences among age
groups, quick and easy to administer
Disadvantages of cross-sectional studies - ✔✔Uniformitave about stability of individual
differences over time, uninformative about similarities and differences in individual children's
patterns of change
Which study would provide best test of heritability? - ✔✔A study comparing dizygotic and
monozygotic twins
Meaney and Szyf 2005 - ✔✔The central role of environmental factors was shown to affect
epigenetic expression of genes. Genetic linkage analysis confirmed epigenetic expression of
different genes in the affectionately raised pups compared to their less affectionate biological
mothers.
Meaney & Syzf's cross fostering studies of the rat stress system provides compelling evidence
that - ✔✔ASK
Locke's view: - ✔✔the child is a tabula rasa, and experience shows the child how to behave
hobbe's view - ✔✔we are born bad and stay bad
Skinner's view: - ✔✔we learn via reward and punishment, how to get what we want
Rousseau's view - ✔✔we are innately pure and corrupted by society
,Which of the explanations is the least consistent with the results of mean money experiment
shown during class - ✔✔Locke's view: child is a tabula rasa
mean monkey study - ✔✔
advantages of longitudinal design - ✔✔indicates the degree of stability of individual
differences over long periods, reveals individual children's patterns of change over long periods
disadvantages of longitudinal design - ✔✔time consuming and expensive, difficult to keep all
participants in study, repeatedly testing children can threaten external validity of study
Nativism - ✔✔being born with innate traits
Empiricism - ✔✔all knowledge is derived from sense-experience
experience independent - ✔✔changes that will happen in the brain regardless of experience
or stimulus.
CHANGE IS EXPERIENCE INDEPENDENT WHEN NATURE
Genetic Factors of Change - ✔✔1. chromosomal atypicalities (down syndrome)
2. temperament (aspects of personality which differ from as early as you can measure them)
3. Alzheimers disease (there but does not affect your early life)
maturational timetables - ✔✔Order of motor development, order of language development,
emotion expression, growing teeth
first smile is based on - ✔✔maturation nto experience
, Hormonal life changes - ✔✔menstruation, bird song acquisition (constraints on learning,
there are biological constraints on how birds learn their songs
bird song acquisition - ✔✔there is a critical period to learning own species song, if raised in
isolation thing sing an "isolate song"
Environmental nurture factors - ✔✔native language, effects of child abuse, prenatal toxins
nature - ✔✔experience independent
nurture - ✔✔experience dependent
Learning nurture factors - ✔✔conditioned responses, mother's voice, playing the piano
Garcia Experiments - ✔✔Demonstrated taste aversion learning with rates, they avoided
taste but not the look or sound that was also bad
Konrad Lorenz - ✔✔baby ducklings with no mom started to follow him because imprinting is
robust, nature feel
Why imprinting is nature - ✔✔stimulus triggers behavior without learning, no individual
variation, biologically controlled
Hess experiment - ✔✔you only get imprinting if the duck can move, showing that nurture
constrains nature
Discontinuous Theories - ✔✔Development progresses through a series of stages. Each stage
is seen as involving a specific task. Once that task is accomplished, the individual moves on to
the next stage.
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