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Psych 460 Exam 2024 | 180 Questions & Answers-Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Exam 2024 | 180 Questions & Answers-Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Exam 2024 | 180 Questions &Answers-Complete Solutions
Deinstitutionalization - ✔✔Releasing of hundreds of thousands of patients from
public mental hospitals. Example: used to be 600,000 people in mental institutions
across the US, now only 40,000
Primary mode of treatment for people with severe psychological disturbances, as well as
those with moderate problems, is ________________ - ✔✔Outpatient care.
Before the 1950s, all forms of outpatient care was in the form of private
________________ - ✔✔psychotherapy, tended to be expensive
Positive psychology - ✔✔The study and enhancement of positive feelings such as
optimism and happiness
Managed care program - ✔✔Health care coverage in which the insurance company
largely controls the nature, scope and cost of medical or psychological services.
Problems of managed care programs - ✔✔Limited pool of practitioners,
reimbursements for mental disorders tend to be lower than medical disorders.
Psychoanalytic perspective - ✔✔Main theoretical perspective of psychology before
the 1950s. Emphasis on the unconscious, but the discovery of drugs led to other views.
Culture - ✔✔Values, mores, orientations
,Norms - ✔✔Behavior, attitudes, emotions
Agencies of control - ✔✔Who decides what is normal and what is not
Haloperidol, Thorazine, Risperdal - ✔✔Major tranquilizers for use against psychosis
Phenobarbital, Benzodiazepines, Xanax - ✔✔Anxiolytics for use against anxiety
Amytriptyline, SSRIs, Lexapro - ✔✔MAOIs and tricyclics against depression
Internal validity - ✔✔Elements of the experiment are tightly controlled and
measured, the experiment is conducted and described precisely, and is is conducted in
conditions that allow for easy replication. High confidence, low generalization.
External validity - ✔✔Elements of the experiment are loose or uncontrollable, is
conducted in a 'real-world' setting with 'real' people, replication is difficult. Less
confidence, high generalization.
Nomothetic understanding - ✔✔A general understanding of the nature, causes and
treatments of abnormal functioning in the form of laws or principles
3 features of correlational/experimental methods that enable investigators to gain
nomothetic understanding - ✔✔1. Researchers tend to observe many subjects in
order to collect more info to support a conclusion
2. Researchers apply procedures uniformly in order to replicate their findings
3. Researchers use statistical tests to analyze results of a study
, Scientific method - ✔✔The process of systemically gathering and evaluation info
through careful observation to understand a phenomenon
3 methods of investigation by clinical scientists - ✔✔1. case study
2. correlational method
3. experimental method
Case study - ✔✔Detail description of a person's life and psychological problems (Little
Hans). Helps to draw broad conclusions. Evidence for multi personality disorder came
from case studies.
Correlational method - ✔✔The degree to which events or characteristics vary with
each other. Magnitude is often calculated into something called the correlation
coefficient (between -1 and +1). This process produces high external validity and low
internal validity.
Epidemiolgical studies - ✔✔"Descriptive studies", doesn't try to predict or explain,
rather describe the results. Incidence (the number of new cases that emerge during a
given period of time) and Prevalence (total number of cases in the population during a
given period of time). Help researchers identify groups at risk for certain disorders
Longitudinal studies - ✔✔"High-risk", "developmental studies", study the same
individual over a period of time, provide clues about which events are likely to be causes
and which events are likely to be consequences
Experimental method - ✔✔Research procedure in which a variable is manipulated
and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observed
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