RVT (URR) exam with complete solutions
2024/2025
coarctation of the aorta - ANSWER- congenital narrowing of the aorta
Where does coarctation of the aorta normally occur? - ANSWER- distal to the
origin of the left subclavian
Waveforms associated with coarctation of the aorta? (Distally and in abdominal
aorta) - ANSWER- Decreased flow distal to the obstruction, monophasic flow with
continuous flow in diastole in the abdominal aorta
Takayasu arteritis - ANSWER- presents as hypertrophic area(s) of inflamed of
tissue usually found in the aorta and its branches
Aortic Ectasia - ANSWER- lack of tapering of the aorta as it travels distally, size
remains constant from proximal to distal portions
3 layers of an artery - ANSWER- 1. tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunic adventitia/externa
Tunica intima - ANSWER- inner layer endothelial cells
Tunica media - ANSWER- middle layer, muscle layer, thicker and more organized
layer in arteries
tunica adventitia (externa) - ANSWER- outer layer, epithelial cells, connective
tissue
Where does the ascending aorta arise? - ANSWER- Left ventricle
What is the first branch of the ascending aorta? - ANSWER- coronary arteries
, At what level does the aortic arch start and end? - ANSWER- level of the
innominate artery and extends distal to the left subclavian
What are the branches of the aortic arch? - ANSWER- 1. innominate artery
2. left common carotid
3. left subclavian
What is the most common anatomic variation of the aortic arch? - ANSWER-
Bovine arch
Bovine Arch - ANSWER- 2 branch arch formation: the innominate and left CCA ae
combined and the left subclavian is the second branch of the arch
Descending abdominal aorta is found - ANSWER- below the diaphragm
Descending thoracic aorta is found - ANSWER- above the diaphragm
Common iliac artery originates - ANSWER- aortic bifurcation at L3 or L4,
umbilicus level
What does the CIA bifurcate into - ANSWER- external and internal Iliac arteries
(EIA)
What type of flow is found in the CIA? - ANSWER- high resistance
Where does the CIA lie in relation to the common iliac veins - ANSWER- above
the umbilicus, posterior to veins
below the umbilicus anterior to the common iliac veins
IIA AKA - ANSWER- internal iliac artery, hypogastric artery
How does the IIA travel - ANSWER- Medially
What does the IIA supply - ANSWER- pelvic organs
How does the EIA travel - ANSWER- travels laterally to pass through the inguinal
ligament to become the common femoral artery
Normal measurements for PROX, MID and DIST aorta - ANSWER- prox 2.0-2.6cm
mid 1.6-2.4cm
2024/2025
coarctation of the aorta - ANSWER- congenital narrowing of the aorta
Where does coarctation of the aorta normally occur? - ANSWER- distal to the
origin of the left subclavian
Waveforms associated with coarctation of the aorta? (Distally and in abdominal
aorta) - ANSWER- Decreased flow distal to the obstruction, monophasic flow with
continuous flow in diastole in the abdominal aorta
Takayasu arteritis - ANSWER- presents as hypertrophic area(s) of inflamed of
tissue usually found in the aorta and its branches
Aortic Ectasia - ANSWER- lack of tapering of the aorta as it travels distally, size
remains constant from proximal to distal portions
3 layers of an artery - ANSWER- 1. tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunic adventitia/externa
Tunica intima - ANSWER- inner layer endothelial cells
Tunica media - ANSWER- middle layer, muscle layer, thicker and more organized
layer in arteries
tunica adventitia (externa) - ANSWER- outer layer, epithelial cells, connective
tissue
Where does the ascending aorta arise? - ANSWER- Left ventricle
What is the first branch of the ascending aorta? - ANSWER- coronary arteries
, At what level does the aortic arch start and end? - ANSWER- level of the
innominate artery and extends distal to the left subclavian
What are the branches of the aortic arch? - ANSWER- 1. innominate artery
2. left common carotid
3. left subclavian
What is the most common anatomic variation of the aortic arch? - ANSWER-
Bovine arch
Bovine Arch - ANSWER- 2 branch arch formation: the innominate and left CCA ae
combined and the left subclavian is the second branch of the arch
Descending abdominal aorta is found - ANSWER- below the diaphragm
Descending thoracic aorta is found - ANSWER- above the diaphragm
Common iliac artery originates - ANSWER- aortic bifurcation at L3 or L4,
umbilicus level
What does the CIA bifurcate into - ANSWER- external and internal Iliac arteries
(EIA)
What type of flow is found in the CIA? - ANSWER- high resistance
Where does the CIA lie in relation to the common iliac veins - ANSWER- above
the umbilicus, posterior to veins
below the umbilicus anterior to the common iliac veins
IIA AKA - ANSWER- internal iliac artery, hypogastric artery
How does the IIA travel - ANSWER- Medially
What does the IIA supply - ANSWER- pelvic organs
How does the EIA travel - ANSWER- travels laterally to pass through the inguinal
ligament to become the common femoral artery
Normal measurements for PROX, MID and DIST aorta - ANSWER- prox 2.0-2.6cm
mid 1.6-2.4cm
