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Midterm 1 Complete Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+.
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race - correct answer OMI AND WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES) - a concept which signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies - selection of features for the purposes of racial signific...

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  • September 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Midterm 1

race - correct answer OMI AND WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE UNITED
STATES)



- a concept which signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of
human bodies

- selection of features for the purposes of racial signification is a social and historical process (therefore
not a biological basis like that of gender) --> using physical features as a category to differentiate among
human groups along racial lines = "imprecise"/"arbitrary" (STEREOTYPING)



OMI AND WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES)



-ref. two views of race : as an illusion (IDEOLOGY) vs. something objective an fixed, a biological datum
(ESSENTIALISM)

- pt.1 : banishing a concept that is central to everyone's identities and therefore crucial for
understanding the social world (it's fundamental) = counterintuitive

- pt.2 : b/c it's not an essence! seeing it as so would induce racist behavior

- pt.3 : see race as an element of social structure (not a irregularity within it)/ as a dimension of human
representation - correct answer Why can't we do away with race/ see it as an
essence? What do we do then?



racial formation - correct answer OMI AND WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE
UNITED STATES)



- the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and
destroyed through...

(1) historically situated racial projects in which human bodies and social structures are represented and
organized

(2) the evolution of hegemony/ the way in which society is organized/ruled

--> therefore a process that occurs through a link between social structure and cultural representation

, --> this link is made with RACIAL PROJECTS (therefore there are racial projects within racial formation)



racial project - correct answer OMI AND WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE
UNITED STATES)



- an interpretation , representation, or explanation of racial dynamics, and an effort to reorganize and
redistribute resources along particular racial lines

- connect what race means in a particular discursive practice

- explains the way in which social structures/ everyday experiences are racially organized based upon
the meaning of race chosen

- the actual act of gathering to get race to perform a specific function

- as a process: pick an interpretation of race --> use that interpretation to reorganize resources on the
lines of race --> by doing these two things: exemplify how society functions with that chosen
interpretation



types of racial formation: macro level social process - correct answer OMI AND
WINANT (RACIAL FORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES)



- main result of racial projects in macro racial formation = to shape policy/define large-scale meaning



(1) neoconservative

- interpret the meaning of race = framing it social structurally

- e.g. Charles Murray on welfare reform: ban differential treatment according to race

-->chosen meaning of race: something that we can be aware of and recognized but not act upon

-->role of this specific conception in social structure: race can play no role in gov't



(2) liberal

- racialized social structure immediately linked to an interpretation of the meaning of race

- e.g. state actions past and present treating ppl in various ways based off race

--> therefore can't suddenly become "color-blind" without perpetuating same racist treatment

--> race continues to signify difference and structure inequality

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