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Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 questions with answers.
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Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 questions with answers.

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  • September 16, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nursing pathophysiology exam 1 questions with answ

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  • Pathophysiology
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Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1
questions with answers.
Pathophysiology ANS -Study of the body's response to dysfunction



Disease ANS -Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system



Etiology ANS -The cause of a disease



Clinical manifestations ANS -Symptoms and chief complaints



Morphological changes ANS -Structural changes that are a result of the disease process



Etiological factors ANS -Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency,
genetic factors



What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? ANS -Size: atrophy and hypertrophy

Number: hyperplasia

Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)



Intercellular accumulation ANS -Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or exogenous
products



Dystrophic pathological calcification ANS -In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that can
cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB



Metastatic Pathological Calcifications ANS -Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-injured
tissue



Chemical injuries ANS -Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street drugs

, Asphyxiation injuries ANS -Suffocation, strangulation, drowning



Hypoxic injuries ANS -Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)



What does cellular aging cause? ANS -Atrophy, decreased functioning



Isotonic solutions ANS -Will cause no change to cells

0.9% saline



Hypertonic solutions ANS -Will cause cells to shrink/crenate

3% saline or 5% dextrose



Hypotonic solutions ANS -Will cause cells to swell

0.45% saline



Edema ANS -Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces



What are causes of edema? ANS -Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from capillary to
interstitial space)

Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into
tissues)

Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into surrounding tissues)

Lymph obstruction



What are the functions of Na as a cation? ANS -Neuromuscular irritability, acid base balance through the
exchange of water and bicarb, chemical reactions and membrane transport



Hypernatremia ANS -Na>147

Intercellular dehydration, convulsions, pulmonary edema, hypotension, tachycardia, pruny fingers

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