A decline in cognitive function, reasoning, and memory.
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Dementia
An autosomal dominant disorder; both men and women are affected; 1 in 10,000
people in the US has the disease.
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Huntington's disease
1. Ruling out other causes of peripheral neuropathy.
2. Control of hyperglycemia.
3. Education of the patient in protecting the feet and hands from environmental risks.
4. Periodic foot examination by the PCP.
5. Autonomic symptoms handled symptomatically.
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Treatment for diabetic neuropathy
Most commonly arise as a result of a disease process, although injuries, such as those
seen in acute or repetitive trauma, can also lead to neuropathies.
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Causes of peripheral neuropathies?
The most mild form of SMA, onset is after 18 months. Affected individuals are often
functional for years before assistance is necessary, and many will have a normal life
expectancy.
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, SMA type III
Tool that can be used to decide whether the early stages of dementia are present.
Scored out of a total of 30, with any score less than 26 being indicative of some
degree of cognitive impairment.
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Mini-Mental State Examination
Characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia with varying degrees of bulbar
dysfunction, ophthalmoparesis, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, optic atrophy,
and dementia. No current treatment - focus on controlling associated impairments.
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 1-29
Affect multiple nerves and can occur in acute forms, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome,
or in chronic forms, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
(CIPD). Many have no identifiable etiology.
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Polyneuropathies
, Associated with injury to the vertebral column and the area of injury is often defined
by which vertebral area is affected. Motor and sensory function, reflexes, and
sphincter tone are normal above the lesion and diminished or absent below. Injuries
can be complete or incomplete.
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Spinal cord damage
Genetic mutation causes a deficiency in dystrophin, a muscle protein. DMD is more
common in men; onset is in the 2nd and 3rd year. Weakness begins in the trunk and
spreads to the extremities. Varying degrees of mental impairment can be noted.
Incurable with a life expectancy of 2-3 decades.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
A progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and
cortex.
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Motor Neuron Diseases
Age at onset; underlying cause; acute, chronic, remitting/recurring, stable,
progressive; impact on quality of life, if any.
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