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HESI A2 2024 CHEMISTRY Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HESI A2 2024 CHEMISTRY Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HESI A2 2024 CHEMISTRYAtoms consist of? - ANS A NUCLEUS AND ELECTRONS
- Nucleus has protons and electrons
- Nucleus is positively charged due to protons
- Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus
Atoms can bond together to make? - ANS MOLECULES
atoms w/ an equal number of protons/ electrons are? - ANS NEUTRAL
If the # of protons/ electrons are not equal - ANS IT IS AN ION W/ A + OR - CHARGE
What is atomic radius? - ANS REFERS TO THE AVERAGE DISTANCE B/W THE NUCLEUS
AND OUTERMOST ELECTRON
- In reference to the periodic table, atomic radius increases as energy levels are added and
decreases as more protons are added.
- Atomic radius increases towards the left and bottom of the table.
What is an atomic number? - ANS REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE
NUCLEUS
- Can be represented as "Z"
- Atoms w/ a neutral charge have an atomic number equal to the number of electrons
What is atomic mass? - ANS THE MASS NUMBER - TOTAL # OF PROTONS/ NEUTRONS IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
- Atomic mass (A) A= Z + N (protons + neutrons)
- Mass of electrons is insignificant
What is relative atomic mass? - ANS ATOMIC WEIGHT AND IS NOT SIMILAR TO ATOMIC
MASS
- Atomic weight is the ratio of average mass per atom of a sample to 1/12 of the mass of an
atom of carbon-12
What are isotopes? - ANS A VARIATION OF AN ELEMENT THAT POSSESSES THE SAME
ATOMIC NUMBER BUT DIFFERENT MASS NUMBER
- A group of isotopes will always have the same # of protons/electrons, but vary in # of neutrons
What is a stable isotope? - ANS ISOTOPES THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OBSERVED TO DECAY
OR NON-RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
- Currently 80 elements have 1 or more stable isotopes
,what are radioactive isotopes? - ANS HAVE AN UNSTABLE NUCLEI AND CAN UNDERGO
SPONTANEOUS NUCLEAR REACTIONS
- Results in particles/ radiation being emitted
- It cannot be predicted when a specific nucleus will decay
what are electrons? - ANS SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT ORBIT THE NUCLEUS AT
VARIOUS LEVELS REFERRED TO AS LAYERS, SHELLS, CLOUDS
- Negatively charged
- Smaller than the nucleus
the number of electrons determine? - ANS HOW ATOMS INTERACT W/ EACH OTHER
- Decide if the atom as a whole is positive, negative, or neutral
what is a stable electron arrangement? - ANS IF AN ATOM HAS ALL ITS ELECTRONS IN THE
LOWEST AVAILABLE POSITIONS
- Electrons tend to occupy the lowest energy level they can
what is the valence shell? - ANS THE OUTERMOST ELECTRON SHELL OF AN ATOM IN ITS
UNCOMBINED STATE
- Electrons here are called valence electrons and their number determines bonding behavior
how many electrons can the k-shell carry? - ANS FIRST SHELL: 2 ELECTRONS
how many electrons can the l-shell carry? - ANS SECOND SHELL: 8 ELECTRONS
how many electrons can the m-shell carry? - ANS THIRD SHELL: 18 ELECTRONS
how many electrons can the n-shell carry? - ANS FOURTH SHELL: 32 ELECTRONS
the 4 energy levels/shells of an atom - ANS HAVE A MINIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
THEY CAN CONTAIN
- Each level must be completely filled before electrons can be added to the valence level
- K- shell, L-shell, M-shell, N-shell
what is a chemical bond? - ANS INVOLVES A NEGATIVE-POSITIVE ATTRACTION B/W
ELECTRONS AND NUCLEUS OF ATOMS
- Form/ break atoms when they gain, lose, or share an electron in the outer valence shell
- A union b/w the electron structures of atoms
what is polar bond? - ANS REFERS TO A COVALENT TYPE OF BOND W/ A SEPARATION
OF CHARGE
- One end is positive other is negative
Ex: Hydrogen-oxygen bond in water is an ex of a polar bond
, what is an ionic bond? - ANS FORMED B/W IONS W/ OPPOSITE CHARGES
- The resulting compound is neutral
a negative ion is when? - ANS ATOMS GAIN ELECTRONS
a positive ion is when? - ANS ATOMS LOSE ELECTRONS
electrons are transferred b/w atoms when in contact w/ each other, this creates? - ANS AN
ATOM WHERE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS DOES NOT EQUAL NUMBER OF PROTONS
GIVING IT A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGE
what is ionization? - ANS THE PROCESS WHERE NEUTRAL PARTICLES ARE IONIZED
INTO CHARGED PARTICLES
- Convert to an ion
how is a compound made? - ANS WHEN 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOMS BIND
TOGETHER CHEMICALLY
- Atoms of the same element may bond together to form molecules or crystalline solids
what are ions? - ANS ATOMS THAT LOSE OR GAIN ELECTRONS
- The gain or loss of electrons will result in an ion having a positive or negative charge
what is a cation? - ANS A POSITIVE ION
- Formed when an atom loses one or more electrons
what is an anion? - ANS A NEGATIVE ION
- Formed when an atom gains one or more electrons
what is ionic bonding? - ANS THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO
ANOTHER
- An ionic bond is a relationship b/w 2 oppositely charged ions
- A type of chemical bonding
what is a covalent bond? - ANS THE SHARING OF VALENCE ELECTRONS TO BECOME
STABLE
- A type of chemical bonding
atoms that share electrons are? - ANS COVALENT
electrons that are shared equally? - ANS HAVE A NON-POLAR BOND
electrons shared unequally? - ANS HAVE A POLAR BOND
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