Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank
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Course
R Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition N
Institution
R Principles Of Biochemistry 7th Edition N
Nucleoid - answer-The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.
Eukaryotes - answer-Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
Nuclear envelope - answer-The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukary...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition
Nelson Test Bank
Nucleoid - answer-The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
Eukaryotes - answer-Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear
envelope.
Nuclear envelope - answer-The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in
eukaryotic cells.
Cell dimensions - answer-Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm
to 100 μm.
Archaea - answer-A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme
environments.
Chemoheterotroph - answer-An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and
energy.
Organelles - answer-Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and peroxisomes.
Noncovalent interaction - answer-Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
Carbon - answer-One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
Tetrahedral - answer-The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in
methane (CH4).
Proteome - answer-The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
Chemoautotrophs - answer-Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and CO2
as a carbon source.
Stereospecificity - answer-The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific
stereoisomer.
Dynamic steady state - answer-A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Exothermic - answer-A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - answer-The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Enzymes - answer-Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Anabolic - answer-Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from
simpler precursors.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - answer-The molecule that carries hereditary information in
cells.
Three-dimensional structure - answer-The primary determinant of a protein's function, formed
by the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
Oparin's theory - answer-A theory for the origin of life suggesting that the prebiotic atmosphere
contained methane, ammonia, and water.
Homologues - answer-Genes or gene products that share detectable sequence similarity and
usually have the same function.
Living organisms - answer-Described as an open system, maintaining a more-or-less constant
composition, in equilibrium with their surroundings, existing in a dynamic steady-state, and
having efficient mechanisms to convert chemical energy from one form into another.
Plasma membrane - answer-A physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its
surroundings, composed of lipid and protein molecules.
Prokaryotes - answer-Organisms lacking a true nucleus, such as bacteria.
Facultative anaerobe - answer-An organism that does not require oxygen to live but will not die
if exposed to oxygen.
Energy sources - answer-Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source, and
chemotrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
Bacterial and archaeal cells - answer-Both consist of a thin bilayer of lipid molecules penetrated
by proteins, with group-specific specializations in their cell envelope and a layer of
peptidoglycan.
Centrifugation - answer-A useful method for fractionating cellular organelles.
Carbon - answer-Used in living organisms due to its ability to make four bonds, form double
bonds, and create more preferred geometries when bonding.
Jacques Monod's statement - answer-Suggesting that the principles of E. coli apply to all living
organisms.
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