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KPE160 Latest Update Final Exam Questions And Accurate Answers Graded A+
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KPE160 Latest Update Final Exam Questions AndAccurate Answers Graded A+
Why study Motor Behaviour? - Response Movement is essential to:
- teaching, coaching, learning
- human factors
- diagnosis / rehabilitization of neural or muscular disorders
Human Nervous System - Response Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS)
Motor Behaviour - Response - categorized into Motor Control, Motor Learning, Motor
Development
- inter-related
Motor Control - Response - research into the cognitive and CNS mechanism underlying
movement
- Goal: to understand the cognitive and neural processes involved in planning and
execution of actions
Motor Learning - Answer - study of mechanisms involved in acquiring and improving
motor skills
-Goal: to understand the processes associated with practice that lead to relatively
permanent change in capability for movement
Motor Development - Answer - study of changes of motor behaviour
- Aim: to understand the processes and determinants that generate changes in
performance and learning during the life course
,The theoretical approaches to understanding movement - A) Cognitive / Reductionist
- function can be derived from understanding characteristics of elements
- whole is equal to the sum of the parts
b) Complex / Dynamical
- function cannot be derived from understanding characteristics of elements
- Gestalt whole is greater than the sum of the parts
Research approaches to understanding of movement - Answer Behaviour approach &
Neuroscience approach
Behaviour approach - Answer - role of sensory info in influencing action
- sensory info used at both conscious & unconscious level
Neuroscience approach - Answer - neural events underlying movement
- general activity in brain areas during behaviour
- specific activity of neurons in brain area during behaviour
Active movement endogenous movement - Answer due to muscular contraction
- e.g. voluntary movement, reflexes
Passive movement exogenous movement - Answer due to external forces
- e.g. gravity, supporting devices
Types of action - Answer Reflex action
- Voluntary action
,Reflex action - Answer INVOLUNTARY
- relatively stereotyped response to specific stimulus
- involves specific, unchanging neural network
Characteristics of Reflex action - Answer short latency
- stereotyped
- conscious awareness does not precede response
- responses determined by stimulus
- innate
- generally protective function
Voluntary action (motor skills) - Answer - requires higher order (cognitive) processing
- involves flexible, variable neural network
Characteristics of Voluntary action - Answer - long latency
- adaptable / can be novel
- conscious awareness precede response
- response related to but not determined by stimulus
- learned
- can be protective or harmful
Motor skills - Answer - action or task that requires VOLUNTARY control over movement
- can be viewed from
a) Task perspective --> a specific type of action
b) Performance proficiency perspective --> level of skills
, Task Perspective - Answer - size of muscle groups involved --> precision
- task organization --> number of steps
- environmental predictability
Size of muscle groups involved - a) Gross skills
- requires a sequence of muscle contractions
- precision does NOT count
e.g. walking, pushing
b) Fine skills
- precision counts
- e.g. writing, surgery
c) Mixed skills
- e.g. martial arts, gymnastics
Task Organization - a) Discrete
- distinctly defined --> start & stop
- one action --> short action
- e.g shooting a basketball
b) Serial
- discrete skills combined together
- successive order
c) Continuous
- action does NOT have a beginning & end
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