CMN 568 Unit 3 : - Asthma Study Guide with complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025
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CMN 568 Unit 3 :
CMN 568 Unit 3 : - Asthma Study Guide with
complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025
What does a SABA do? - ANSWER acts directly by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles.
What do long-term pharmacologic agents accomplish for asthma pt. - ANSWER act
primarily to attenuate airway inflamm...
CMN 568 Unit 3 : - Asthma Study Guide with
complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025
What does a SABA do? - ANSWER acts directly by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles.
What do long-term pharmacologic agents accomplish for asthma pt. - ANSWER act
primarily to attenuate airway inflammation.
Why take long-term pharmacologic agents for asthma daily? - ANSWER to achieve and
maintain control of persistent asthma independent of symptoms.
What does the NAEPP recommend as the cornerstone of daily treatment of persistent
asthma? - ANSWER daily anti-inflammatory therapy with inhaled corticosteroids
Role of corticosteroids with asthma - ANSWER Reduce inflammation (acute and
chronic) = improved airflow, decreased airway hyper-responsiveness and fewer asthma
exacerbations, and potentiate the action of beta-adrenergic agonist.
1st. line treatment agent for all pt w/persistent asthma (long term controller) - ANSWER
Inhaled Corticosteroids
How often to most patient use inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Twice daily to
provide adequate control.
How long can it take to see maximum response of inhaled corticosterioids? - ANSWER
Months
What can a patient do to reduce side effects of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER
Rinse mouth after each use
A patient has an exacerbation of asthma, what is the most effective treatment to
achieve prompt control? - ANSWER Systemic (oral) corticosteroids
Dose of oral corticosteroids for children during exacerbation of asthma - ANSWER 1-2
mg/kg/day.
Can be either a single dose or divided BID.
MAX 60 mg/day
Dose of oral corticosteroids for adults during exacerbation of asthma - ANSWER 40-60
mg/day
either as a single dose of divided BID
, Duration of treatment of oral corticosteroids for asthma exacerbation - ANSWER 3-10
days or until symptoms resolve
(no evidence that tapering dose of PO steroids prevents relapse)
When treating exacerbation of asthma, what is the preferred treatment plan? -
ANSWER Alternate days rather than daily treatment.
What additional medications are required to be given concurrent with systemic
corticosteroids to prevent corticosteroid induced bone mineral loss? - ANSWER Vitamin
D and Calcium
Should systemic corticosteroids be rapidly discontinued? - ANSWER No, to prevent
adrenal insufficiency
Name some mediator inhibitors to treat asthma - ANSWER Cromolyn sodium and
nedocromil
What is the mechanism of action of mediator inhibitors? - ANSWER prevent asthma
symptoms, improve airway function in pt w/mild persistent of exercise induce asthma
When are mediator inhibitors effective? - ANSWER Before allergen exposure or
exercise
Do not relieve asthmatic symptoms once present.
Name the Long acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) for asthma - ANSWER Salmeterol and
Formoteol
How are LABA's delivered? - ANSWER dry powder
What are LABA's used for - ANSWER Long term prevention of asthma symptoms
Nocturnal symptoms
Prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
Should LABA be used as monotherapy - ANSWER NO
linked to fatal asthma when used alone
has no anti-inflammatory effects- so use w/a corticosteroid.
What does LABA + low or medium dose of corticosteroids given together provide for
the patient. - ANSWER The equivalent to what would be if doubled the inhaled
corticosteroid.
Name the action of anticholinergic agents, short acting muscarinic agents (SAMA) and
long acting muscarinic agents (LAMA) - ANSWER Reverse vagally medicated
bronchospasm but NOT allergen or exercise induced broncospasms
, Is Ipratropium bromide (SAMA) as effect as a SABA for relief of acute bronchospasm -
ANSWER No
What is the benefit to adding Tiotropium to therapy bronchodilator (salmeterol) or
inadequately controlled low-dose inhaler. - ANSWER Improves lung function and
reduces frequency of asthma exacerbations.
What are the 3 characteristics of Asthma - ANSWER Bronchoconstriction
Airway Inflammation
Reversible airflow limitation
Which inhaled anticholinergic is best used for asthma pt. w/an intolerance to beta
agonist or w/ bronchospasms due to beta blocker meds? - ANSWER Ipratropium
Bromide
What is the primary tx for pt. w/moderate to severe asthma exacerbations who do not
respond promptly and completely to SABA? - ANSWER Systemic Corticosteroids
Which bacterial infections predispose exacerbations of asthma - ANSWER M.
Pneumoniae and C. Pneumoniae
Is routine use of antimicrobials recommended for acute exacerbations of asthma -
ANSWER No, only use when likelihood of acute bacterial respiratory tract infection
Name short acting beta agonist - ANSWER albuterol, levalbuterol, bitolerol, pirbuterol,
terbutaline
Name the phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for asthma - ANSWER theophylline
What is theophylline used for in a pt w/ asthma? - ANSWER mild bronchodilation
What is the mechanism of action of theophylline for asthma - ANSWER anti-
inflammatory and immunodilator properties which enhance mucociliary clearance and
strengthen diaphragmatic contractility.
Why are drug levels of Theophylline monitored? - ANSWER Due to narrow therapeutic
ranges.
Name the leukotriene modifiers for asthma - ANSWER Zileutonn, zafirlukast,
montelukast
use of leukotriene modifiers for asthma? - ANSWER alternatives to low-dose inhaled
corticosteroids in pt. w/mild persistent asthma
*as mono-therapy are usually less effective than inhaled corticosteroids
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