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Summary of 5 pages for the course Geography at VWO / Gymnasium (-)
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C3 MIGRATIONWhen people move it’s always a combination of a push and a pull.
Push Pull
- War – region is unsafe. - Safety
- No job = no income = poor - Better living condition
- Natural disaster / conditions o Climate
o Earthquake - Family
o Tornado - Jobs/money
o Tsunami
o Drought
- Unliveable conditions
-
3.1 Migration to the Netherlands
A popular country for immigrants
- The most diversity you see in the Netherlands originates from the time after World War II.
o Since then it has become easier to travel and more migrants found their way to our
country.
- The Netherlands has become a country with a high net migration, this means that more people
immigrate than emigrate.
Guest workers from the Mediterranean
- At the start of the 1960s, the Dutch economy grew fast.
o There weren’t enough Dutch people to do the jobs that were available, especially in
industry.
- The government attracted foreign people to come to the Netherlands.
o Initially workers came from Italy, Portugal and Spain.
A few years later also from Morocco and Turkey.
- These guest worker were planned to return to their home countries after a while.
o This process is called return migration
o But many workers stayed in the Netherlands, and grew old. And their children and
grandchildren have grown up here.
Migrants from former colonies
- The Netherlands had many colonies. But when these colonies became independent. Many
inhabitants decided to come to the Netherlands, they had not faith in independence.
o This led to a lot of Indonesian immigrants arriving after 1945.
o Surinam immigrants coming around 1975
o And immigrants from the Antilles coming from 1986 and onwards.
Refugees
- A refugee is somebody who flees from danger (mostly war), looking for a safe place to live.
, o Because the Netherlands rich and a safe place, many people have found their way here.
Many refugees didn’t aim for the Netherlands but wanted to come somewhere
in Europe.
- The most refugees stay in special centres waiting for permission to stay.
o Policies are very strict: if their country is safe to live in, they’ve to go back.
Seasonal workers
- Since 2004, people from Eastern Europe come to the Netherlands.
o This is because many countries in the East have become part of the European Union.
This allowed to travel freely and work in all member states of the EU.
- Since the countries in the west have better wages. We have seen influence from Polish and
Bulgarian migrants.
- Lots of these migrants live temporarily in the Netherlands, some for a few year and other just
for a specific part of the year. We call this circular migration.
o If people just move for a part of the year, we call this seasonal migration.
3.2 From Morocco to the Netherlands.
How to recognize MEDC’s and LEDC’s
- Infrastructure (grows)
- Housing (improves)
- Income (high for MEDC low for LEDC)
- Education-rate(high for MEDC)
- Death- and birth-rate (less for MEDC)
NIC’s
- Big countries, with lot of people.
- Lot of people that want to work
- Many resources (mines) and agriculture resources
o In NL we’ve coal, gas, sand and clay.
- These NIC’s have many factories because they also have the resources and enough workers.
o This gives a boost in the economy.
Regional disparities
- Differences in development can also occur in countries.
- Pattern = close to the coast with better jobs people have more money.
o Close to the sea there are harbours, they’re good for industry and trade.
- When people realize you could earn over twice as much close to the coast, they move to
another place in their country.
o Push: They’re poor
o Pull: work to get out of poverty.
Rural-urban migration
- People move from urban areas (like farms) to the rural areas like cities.
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