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HESI A2 Exam Biology 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HESI A2 Exam Biology 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HESI A2 Exam Biology 2024Classification System - ANS Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti)
What are the steps to the scientific method? - ANS observation, hypothesis, experiment,
conclusion
Hypothesis - ANS a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence
as a starting point for further investigation.
Chemical Makeup of Water - ANS 2 hydrogens covalently bonded to an oxygen
Properties of Water - ANS Because of high polarity between bonds, water can form H bonds:
-has a high specific heat
-strong adhesion and cohesive properties
-when frozen, forms a lattice crystal allowing ice to float on water
-acts as a universal solvent
Adhesion - ANS the ability of water to bond to or attract other molecules or substances
ex: water you sprayed on a wall sticks to the wall
Cohesion - ANS the sticking together of particles of the same substance.
ex: water beading up on a freshly waxed car
Carbohydrates - ANS made up of polymers of sugar
-functions: storage, structure, and energy
Fatty Acids - ANS chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - ANS have one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp
Saturated Fatty Acids - ANS no double bonds, solid at room temp
Phospholipids - ANS 2 fatty acids bonded to a phosphate group
-phosphate head has a charge and is polar/soluble in h20 (hydrophilic head)
-fatty acid tails are nonpolar/not soluble in h20 (hydrophobic tail)
, Steroids - ANS Made of four rings of carbon. Components of the cell membrane and act as
precursors to hormones/drugs
Protein - ANS polymers of amino acids
-contribute greatly to cell function
-largest biological molecule
-enzymes facilitate chemical reactions in the body
Nucleic Acids - ANS DNA and RNA
DNA - ANS deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living
organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
RNA - ANS single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Metabolism - ANS the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism
Prokaryotic Cell - ANS cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cell - ANS cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Nucleus - ANS A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Ribosomes - ANS Read RNA and make proteins. Found in the ER and in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANS made of 2 parts: rough and smooth ER
-rough ER has ribosomes and produces proteins/membranes
-smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple
molecules
Golgi Apparatus - ANS packages, processes, and ships proteins from the ER throughout the
cell
Lysosomes - ANS Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts (4.5 ph)
Vacuoles - ANS Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
What 2 organelles produce energy in cells? - ANS mitochondria and chloroplasts in plants
Mitochondria - ANS PowerHouse of the cell where ATP is produced.
Chloroplasts - ANS where energy is produced in plant cells via photosynthesis
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