A very concise (2 page) summary of sections 2.4&2.5 of the book memo for 3TTO students.
Tip: buy this summary in the history collection for 3TTO students. This is because it is heavily discounted here!
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The holocaust: mass murder of the Jews, consisted of 4 steps:
1. Discrimination: 1933 onwards, 1935: the Nuremburg Race Laws are made: Jews are no longer
citizens and mixed marriages are not allowed. 1938: Reichkristallnacht = an organized attack on
Jewish stores, synagogues (churches) and businesses. 1941: Jews had to wear a star of David.
2. Isolation: 1939 onwards. Jews had to live in ghetto’s.
2.4 The Holocaust 2.0
3. Deportation: from 1942 onwards Jews were deported to Death camps. At Wannseeconference
the Nazi’s decided to kill all the Jews = the final solutions.
4. Elimination. From 1941/1942. 1941: Einsatzgruppen (mobile military unites) travel from town to
town in Eastern Europe to shoot Jews, Gypsies and political enemies. ’42: Death camps were
introduced with gaschambers. Millions died in concentration camps as well.
2.5 WW2 in NL
On 10 May 1940 GER invades NL using Blitzkrieg (mostly because they need Dutch ports to attack GB),
but the Dutch stood their ground GER bombs Rotterdam and threaten more NL surrenders on the
nights of 14/15 May.
The Dutch government flees while the GER occupies NL they wanted to persuade the Dutch to accept
National Socialism.
2.5 Occupation
Seyss-Inquart leads the GER administration of NL. Democracy is abolished, but one party remains: the
NSB (National Socialist Movement) led by Mussart.
Dutch citizens choose between collaboration, resistance and doing nothings (= accommodation). Most
people did not want to lose their job, home or family.
2.5 Normal life:
A few changes in NL:
- Always have your ID card on you
- Trade unions, press and youth organizations are controlled
- Unemployment vanishes lots of products (shoes, electric motors, light bulbs) are exported to
Germany.
- Jews have to register, civil servants lose their jobs, letter J/Jew on their ID cart.
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