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NUR 229 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers $12.49   Add to cart

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NUR 229 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers

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  • NUR 229
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  • NUR 229

ntracellular Fluid Compartment Fluid contained within all cells in the body and constitutes approximately two thirds of the body water in healthy adults Extracellular Fluid Compartment The remaining one third of body water contained outside the cells, including interstitial (tissue), plasma (vascu...

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  • September 17, 2024
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  • NUR 229
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NUR 229 Pathophysiology Exam 2
Questions and Correct Answers
Intracellular Fluid Compartment ✅Fluid contained within all cells in the body and
constitutes approximately two thirds of the body water in healthy adults

Extracellular Fluid Compartment ✅The remaining one third of body water contained
outside the cells, including interstitial (tissue), plasma (vascular compartments), and
transcellular compartments

Functions of fluids ✅Transportation
Lubrication and protection
Digestion

What is intake regulated by? ✅The thirst mechanism

What does the hypothalamus monitor? ✅Blood osmolality
Blood pressure

What happens as osmolality increases? ✅Thirst is stimulated

What happens when blood pressure is decreased? ✅Thirst increases

What is fluid output determined by? ✅Filtration needs
Insensible water loss
Renal regulation

Obligatory urine output ✅The minimum amount of urine needed to rid the body of
waste products (800-2000 mL/day)

Insensible water loss ✅Immeasurable loss of water through respiration, feces, skin,
etc.

What is glomerular filtration highly dependent on? ✅Cardiac output and renal perfusion

What may cause variations in glomerular filtration? ✅Various substances including
ADH, Aldosterone, Prostaglandins, Glucocorticoids, ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)

What is a sensible loss? ✅A measurable unit of water loss

Cation ✅A positively charged ion

,Anion ✅A negatively charged ion

Fluid compartments ✅intracellular and extracellular

Diffusion ✅The movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration; it
may occur in air or water

Concentration gradient ✅difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another

Osmotic Pressure ✅Pressure of the fluid moving across the semipermeable
membrane.

Pulls water into the bloodstream from the ICF and ISF

How is osmotic pressure exerted in the bloodstream? ✅By electrolytes- mainly sodium
ions and plasma proteins

Osmotic pressure _______ hydrostatic pressure ✅opposes

Osmosis ✅The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (i.e. one that
is permeable to water but impermeable to most solutes)

Explain the process of osmosis ✅Water moves from the side that has fewer non
diffusible particles to the site that has more

During osmosis, the osmotic pressure is _____ to the hydrostatic pressure needed to
oppose water movement across the membrane ✅Equal

Hydrostatic Pressure ✅The pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream (ex.
hose being covered by the thumb)

What is the source of hydrostatic pressure? ✅The heart's pumping action

What does hydrostatic pressure exert? ✅An outward force that pushes water through
the capillary membrane pores into the ISF and ICF compartments

What happens to fluid as hydrostatic pressure increases? ✅Fluid will be forced out of
capillaries

Osmotic/Oncotic pressure refers to the force exerted by ____ in the bloodstream
✅Albumin

, What is total albumin in the bloodstream indicative of? ✅The protein nutritional status
of the body

Hypoalbuminemia ✅Low albumin levels in the blood

What happens to the oncotic and hydrostatic pressures if a patient has
hypoalbuminemia? ✅Oncotic pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure at the
capillary membranes

What does hypoalbuminemia result in? ✅Edema

Third-spacing ✅occurs when too much fluid moves from the intravascular space into
the interstitial space (the nonfunctional area between cells)

Osmolarity ✅The number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution

What is osmolarity dependent upon? ✅the number of particles suspended in a solution

What are major solutes in the body? ✅Albumin, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+),
phosphate (Po4-), magnesium (Mg++), calcium (Ca++), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and
glucose

Tonicity ✅Refers to the amount of solutes in a solution compared to the amount in the
bloodstream

What is tonicity used to describe? ✅The various intravenous solutions used in the
clinical setting

What are the three types of IV Solutions? ✅Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

Isotonic ✅Same tonicity as the cell

Examples of Isotonic solutions ✅0.9% NaCl
Lactated Ringers

Hypotonic ✅Less tonicity than the cell causing swelling

What is an example of a hypotonic solution? ✅0.45% NaCl

Hypertonic ✅Greater tonicity than the cell (causes cells to shrink)

Crenation ✅Shrinkage of cells

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