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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A COUNSELOR PSYCOLOGY
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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A COUNSELOR PSYCOLOGY
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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A COUNSELORPSYCOLOGY(2024 edition)
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychiatry a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; who sometimes provide
medical (for example, drug) treatments
free will The idea that human beings are free to make their own choices
Determinism the philosophy that holds that every event, action, and decision results from
something independent of the human will
Nature the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth,
intellectual growth, and social interactions
nurture the influence of our environment
CNS (central nervous system)includes the brain and spinal cord
PNS (peripheral nervous system)the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest
of the body
Cerebellum function process and store information, coordinates voluntary movements (posture,
balance, speech)
Cerebrum Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech,
taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Involuntary autonomic nervous system
Voluntary somatic nervous system
The brain The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system
electrical communication travel up and down the spinal cord, sending signals which allow
different segments of the body to communicate with the brain.
cervical vertebrae neck
Thoracic chest
spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord
Receptor A small area on the dendrite that receives the signal from the other neuron
afferent pathway component of reflex arc that transmits information from receptor to integrating
center
Integrating ceterone or more regions within the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor
neurons
, Efferent pathway component of reflex arc that transmits information from integrating center to
effector
Effector organ The organ that carries out the command sent along a particular motor neuron
The area within the brain regulating our survival functions such as breathing and heartbeat is
called the Brain stem
Regulation of functions such as breathing and heart rate are controlled by the autonomic nervous
system
The left side of the brain is used for tasks such as map reading and recognizing patterns
Ben is having trouble sleeping and has been diagnosed with a sleep disorder that is caused by a
chemical imbalance. It is possible he has abnormal levels of which neurotransmitter? Serotonin
Learning experiences ______________ the connections between neurons, while not using our
memory ________________ neuron connections. Increase; reduce
The chemical responsible for causing us to feel sleepy is called melatonin
According to Plutchik, there are ______ primary emotions.8 primary emotions
Which of the following structures in NOT part of the limbic system cerebellum
The 3 stages of memory in order are encoding, storage, retrieval
Ethan is playing golf and playing well. In front of a crowd on the last hole, he overestimates and
misses a tricky long putt that would have won him the match. His miss in front of the crowd
could be due to? Extrinsic motivation
choking an event where athletes experience a considerable decline in performance standard at a
time when pressure was likely higher than normal.
social worker someone employed to provide social services (especially to the disadvantaged)
Perception the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to
recognize meaningful objects and events
Sensation the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent
stimulus energies from our environment
How are sensation and perception related? Sensation occurs when information interacts with
sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin. The sensation of hearing occurs
when waves of pulsating air are collected by the outer ear and transmitted through the bones of
the inner ear to the auditory nerve. The sensation of vision occurs as rays of light contact the
eyes, become focused on the retina, and are transmitted by the optic nerve to the visual centers of
the brain.
Perception is the interpretation of what is sensed. The air waves that contact the ears might be
interpreted as noise or as musical sounds, for example. The physical energy transmitted to the
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