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PMCOL 200 – FINAL Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
When are immunosuppressant drugs used - answer✔1. Suppression of rejection of transplanted
organs and tissues
2. Suppression of 'Graft-Versus-Host' disease
3. Auto-immune diseases
Tamoxifen - answer✔selective estrogen receptor antagonist
Imantinib - answer✔tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affects bcr-abl, treats leukemia
Cetuximab - answer✔EGFR inhibitor and monoclonal antibody (against extracellular domain)
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin) - answer✔antibiotic
inhibit DNA topoisomerase
generates free radicals
has high affinity binding to DNA
binds the cell membrane to alter fluidity and ion transport
Captothecins - answer✔stabilise DNA topoisomerase (topi reduce torsional strain thru breakage
and resealing)
increases the single stranded breaks in DNA
Taxanes - answer✔paclitaxel
promotes microtubule assembly, inhibiting mitosis
derived from the pacific yew tree
Vinca Alkaloids - answer✔periwinkle
inhibit tubulin polymerisation (M phase)
methotrexate - answer✔anti folate (folic acid analogue)
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compete for dihydrofolate reductase
folic acid is converted via enzymatic reduction by - answer✔FH4 cofactors
FH4 cofactors function - answer✔provide methyl group for DNA precursor synthesis
what do folic acid analogues do - answer✔interfere with FH4 metabolism and inhibit DNA
replication
pyrimidine analogue - answer✔5-fluorouracil
competes with pyrimidine precursors for thymidylate synthase
TS converts dUMP --> dTMP
fluorouracil active form - answer✔FdUMP
6-mercaptopurine - answer✔purine analogue
inhibits phophoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRPP amidotransferase)
rate limiting factor for purine synthesis - answer✔Production of inosine monophate (IMP)
(also alters function/synthesis of RNA/DNA)
Alkylating agents - answer✔covalently link to chemical groups
Lead to cross-linking between strands of DNA and strand breakage
cisplatin - answer✔platinum analogue
alkylating agent
leads to inter-strand crosslinks leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and function
Adverse effects of anti-cancer drugs occur where and why - answer✔in rapidly growing tissues,
such as bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, and reproductive system
drugs are carcinogenic and it is dose related
(adverse) symptoms of anti cancer drugs - answer✔impaired immune system, diarrhea, hair
loss, nausea and vomiting
Primary resistance - answer✔develops spontaneously in the absence of prior exposure to anti-
cancer drugs
e.g. p53 mutations
Acquired Resistance - answer✔develops in response to a given anticancer agent
three shapes of bacteria - answer✔rod/bacillus
PMCOL 200 – FINAL Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
When are immunosuppressant drugs used - answer✔1. Suppression of rejection of transplanted
organs and tissues
2. Suppression of 'Graft-Versus-Host' disease
3. Auto-immune diseases
Tamoxifen - answer✔selective estrogen receptor antagonist
Imantinib - answer✔tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affects bcr-abl, treats leukemia
Cetuximab - answer✔EGFR inhibitor and monoclonal antibody (against extracellular domain)
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin) - answer✔antibiotic
inhibit DNA topoisomerase
generates free radicals
has high affinity binding to DNA
binds the cell membrane to alter fluidity and ion transport
Captothecins - answer✔stabilise DNA topoisomerase (topi reduce torsional strain thru breakage
and resealing)
increases the single stranded breaks in DNA
Taxanes - answer✔paclitaxel
promotes microtubule assembly, inhibiting mitosis
derived from the pacific yew tree
Vinca Alkaloids - answer✔periwinkle
inhibit tubulin polymerisation (M phase)
methotrexate - answer✔anti folate (folic acid analogue)
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
compete for dihydrofolate reductase
folic acid is converted via enzymatic reduction by - answer✔FH4 cofactors
FH4 cofactors function - answer✔provide methyl group for DNA precursor synthesis
what do folic acid analogues do - answer✔interfere with FH4 metabolism and inhibit DNA
replication
pyrimidine analogue - answer✔5-fluorouracil
competes with pyrimidine precursors for thymidylate synthase
TS converts dUMP --> dTMP
fluorouracil active form - answer✔FdUMP
6-mercaptopurine - answer✔purine analogue
inhibits phophoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRPP amidotransferase)
rate limiting factor for purine synthesis - answer✔Production of inosine monophate (IMP)
(also alters function/synthesis of RNA/DNA)
Alkylating agents - answer✔covalently link to chemical groups
Lead to cross-linking between strands of DNA and strand breakage
cisplatin - answer✔platinum analogue
alkylating agent
leads to inter-strand crosslinks leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and function
Adverse effects of anti-cancer drugs occur where and why - answer✔in rapidly growing tissues,
such as bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, and reproductive system
drugs are carcinogenic and it is dose related
(adverse) symptoms of anti cancer drugs - answer✔impaired immune system, diarrhea, hair
loss, nausea and vomiting
Primary resistance - answer✔develops spontaneously in the absence of prior exposure to anti-
cancer drugs
e.g. p53 mutations
Acquired Resistance - answer✔develops in response to a given anticancer agent
three shapes of bacteria - answer✔rod/bacillus
