Fibronectin - answer✔Neuronal Glycoprotein that is often glycosylated forming glycocalyx.
Important in development
N-CAM - answer✔Neuronal Glycoprotein that is often glycosylated forming glycocalyx.
Important in neural cell adhesion molecule
Proteoglycans - answer✔Neuronal Glycoprotein that is often glycosylated forming glycocalyx.
95% carbohydrate.
Actin - answer✔Cyptoplasmis protein that forms nodal points under the membrane
Ankyrin - answer✔Cytoplasmic protein that binds to intrinsic proteins.
Increasing Capacitor Capacitance - answer✔-Increase surface area of insulator, connecting
more capacitors in parallel (store more charge)
-Decrrease thickness of insulator, increase force of attraction b/w each side of insulator
Capactiance - answer✔How much charge can be stored at a capacitor per certain voltage
applied across that capacitor. The charge accumulation across a capacitor increases
proportionally with the applied votlage.
Electrical Circuit of the Cell - answer✔lipid membrane=thin insualtor, capacitor
closed ion channel=open circuit, infinite resistance
open ion channel with no voltage dependence=resistor,no variability
open ion change, voltage dependence=variable resistor
Typical Cell Constants - answer✔>>Gohms per channel. ~1 uF/cm2 or ~5x10^3 nonovalent
ion per um2 at -80 mV.
Isopotential - answer✔- a small cell that is esentially round and has no thin processes
- long axon cannulated with an axial electrode.
Resistance vs Capacitance - answer✔- cell capacitcane proportional to cell surface membrane
area
- cell conductance proportional to cell surface area
R//C Circuit - answer✔Rise and fall of V and iR have exponenetial shape. Initally all charge to
capacitor, as time increase less current go to capacitor. V and iR the same shape b/c V=iRxR.
Without impulse, the currrents are flipped following the discharge of the capacitor.
Time constant - answer✔Charging V=iR(1-e^(-t/tau)). Dicsharge V=iR(e^(-t/tau)). tau=rmxcm.
rm measured by long enough current impulse stopping cm. r=\m=rinput or V/ijected.
Changes in Tau - answer✔Increases if membrane surface area white number of opened
channels remains unchanged (c increase, tau increase). Deacread if increase number of opened
channels, while membrane surface area remains unchanged (decrease resistant, decrease tau)/ If
cell increase its surface area while density of open channel remains unchaged tau unchange
(increase in cm proportional to decrease in rm.
Axial/Cytoplasmic Resistance - answer✔open cirsuit, both ends of axon are sealed. Current
split 3 ways, rm and 2 ri's. If infinitely long, a fixed fraction of current flowing along axoplasm
will be lost after each segment. Fixed fractional loss of current at each segment, dictates steady-
state membrane potential will decay exponentially with distance.
Length Constant - answer✔SQRT(rm/ri).V=Ve^(-x/lambda). If less than 1, faster rise. If 1,
exponential. If greater than 1, slower than exponential. Most rapid channel immediate after
injurt.
Cell Attached - answer✔Form Gigaohm seal, only record from patch.
Inside-Out Patch - answer✔Cell attach, then pull with low Ca. Only record from patch. Indise
facing bath.
Whole Cell - answer✔Cell attatched and break into cell, record from whole cell.
Outside-Out Cell - answer✔Whole cell then pull, outside of cell fae bath. Only record from
patch.
Setting Bath and Pipette Conc to the Same - answer✔Increase magnitude of current. Set Ek to
0. Prevent rectification assoicated with normal gradient.
I-v Plot - answer✔Slope of I-v plot is unitary conductance.
Permeability - answer✔how easily a permeant ion can pass through the channel when it opens.
Conductance - answer✔dependent on the concentration of the permeant ion as charged carriers.
Outwardly Rectifying - answer✔Prefer to pass current out of the cell than into the cell. Steeper
slope than non-rectifyign straight line. Due to ion gradeint or properites of channel.
Chord Conductance - answer✔Average slope between 2 membrane potentials
Slope Conductance - answer✔Instantaneous slope at a certain membrane potential
GHK Equation - answer✔For multiple ions each with own passive channel, or all pass
indepently through same channel. V=58
log((pK[Ko]+pNa[Nao]+pCl[Cli])/(pK[Ki]+pNa[Nai]+pCl[Clo]))
Advantages of Ca - answer✔Sensitivity: Signal>>>>noise, low noise, high signal
Speed: big gradient, rapid local increase in Ca
Selectivity: activates only local processes, domain rapidly collapses.
Safety: low sensitivity prevent spurious activation by ambient Ca.
L-Type - answer✔Primarily skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Large unitary conductacne ~25pS
Long Lasting, slow inativation
High Voltage-Activated (~ -40mV)
Prefer to pass Ba
Long open time, inactivate slowly, prefer to be open.
Alpha1C, adn D are pore-forming subunits.
L-Type Pharmacology - answer✔Blocked by dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nimodipine)
Dihydropyridine agonist, BAYK-8644 open channel
Verapamil block.
Blocked by inorganic blockers (Cd>Co>Ni)
Insensitive to toxins.
L-Type Modulation - answer✔b-Adrenergics increase open probability via cAMP
N-Type - answer✔Neuronal, Neither L nor T
Intermediate conductance (12-20pS) between L and T
Prefers to pass Ba, not as much as L-Type
Shorter open times than L-Type, relatively rapid inactivation
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