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Haydon POLS 206 Exam 2 – 189 Q’s and A;s
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Haydon POLS 206 Exam 2 – 189 Q’s and A;s
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Haydon POLS 206 Exam 2 – 189 Q’s andA;s
The slow nature of policy-making in Congress is the result of what? - -The
Governments system of Checks and Balances
-Representation - -The efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests
of those who elect them
-National Lawmaking - -the creation of policy to address the problems and
needs of the entire nation
-Partisanship - -loyalty to a party that helps shape how members see the
world, define problems, and identify appropriate solutions
-Constituency - -the voters in a state or district
-Policy Representation - -congressional work to advance the issues and
ideological preferences of constituents
-Allocative Representation - -congressional work to secure projects,
services, and funds for the represented district
-Pork Barrel - -public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for
by general revenues
-Earmarks - -legislative provisions to allocate spending to a specific purpose
or project
-Casework - -legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve
their problems with government agencies and programs
-Symbolic Representation - -efforts of members of Congress to stand for
American ideals or identify with common constituency values
-Hyperpartisanship - -a commitment to party so strong that it can transcend
other commitments
-Party Polarization - -greater ideological (liberal versus conservative)
differences between the parties and increased ideological consensus within
the parties
, -Congressional Oversight - -efforts by Congress, especially through
committees, to monitor agency rule making, enforcement, and
implementation of congressional policies
-Advice and Consent - -the constitutional obligation that the Senate approve
certain executive appointments
-Reapportionment - -a reallocation of congressional seats among the states
every ten years, following the census
-Redistricting - -the process of dividing states into legislative districts
-Gerrymandering - -redistricting to benefit a particular group
-Partisan Gerrymandering - -redistricting controlled by the majority party in
a state's legislature, to increase the number of districts that party can expect
to carry
-Racial Gerrymandering - -redistricting to enhance or reduce the chances
that a racial or ethnic group will elect members to the legislature
-Strategic Politicians - -Office-seekers who base the decision to run on a
rational calculation that they will be successful
-Incumbency Advantage - -the electoral edge afforded to those already in
office
-Coattail Effect - -The boost that candidates may get in an election because
of the popularity of candidates above them on the ballot, especially the
president.
-Midterm Loss - -the tendency for the presidential party to lose
congressional seats in off-year elections
-Majority Party - -the party that holds the majority of legislative seats in
either the House or the Senate
-Speaker of the House - -the leader of the majority party who serves as the
presiding officer of the House of Representatives
-Seniority System - -the accumulation of power and authority in conjunction
with the length of time spent in office
-Standing Committees - -permanent committees responsible for legislation
in particular policy areas
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