Take home exam for the course Disability and Development. This was part of the whole exam. This is including my possible answers. This course is part of the masters MPA.
Take-home questions Disability and Development 2023-
2024
Question 1 (4 points)
In their paper titled ‘Disability and Poverty: the need for a more nuanced
understanding of implications for development policy and practice’, Groce,
Kett, Lang and Trani (2011) call for a more “nuanced understanding”. How
can we achieve this according to them, other scholars and what is your
opinion?
According Groce et al. there is a need for criteria to assess disability
programs work and how they combat exclusion, marginalisation, and
poverty of PWDs. besides this, Groce et al. call for a more nuanced
understanding. What they mean with this is a more nuanced
comprehension of the complex relation between poverty and disability.
They say that this must be done by thinking beyond the simple
measurements as income poverty and looking at the
multidimensional nature of poverty. With factors such as
- Education
- Health care
- Employment
- Social inclusion
To get to this nuanced understanding several steps must
be taken:
1. Developing econometric model
a. To analyse the dynamics and causalities
between poverty and disabilities.
2. Conducting analyses
a. To gain understanding how PWD encounter
poverty over their lifetime.
3. Creating benchmarks and indicators
a. To assess the disability-poverty cycle.
They pressure for the understanding of implications considering the
disability-poverty cycle. And then with a focus not only on personal
level but also on household and community level. This is where it is
important to include multiple variables such as age, gender, rural or
urban residence, and membership in other minority communities. They
ask for more research to explore poverty means on levels as individual,
a household communal, and society. Overall reaching a nuanced
understanding requires a holistic and multidimensional approach as
the author’s mention.
Other scholars mention that poverty is a multidimensional problem and
that it should be looked at in this state. Factors as food, shelter, life
expectancy, and education play important parts in poverty. This is because
it cannot be measured by only well-being. This can help facilitate more
, focussed policy approaches to address the poor and disabled more
effectively.
I think to get a nuanced understanding of the relation between poverty
and disability we should get out of our high tower and involve ourselves in
the world of people who go through the poverty-disability cycle every day.
We need to include the thoughts, experiences, and ideas of these people,
involve them. We need to make sure to use a rights-based approach to
reach equality in education and job possibilities so the cycle can be
broken. Only in that way we get the best and nuanced understanding of
this cycle that will repeat itself when not changed.
Question 2 (4 points)
Select a piece of art that relates to disability in some way (not a
movie/documentary) and briefly describe it. Provide a personal reflection
on the piece of art and elaborate on possible advantages and
disadvantages of this type of art in relation to the portrayal and/or
representation of people with disabilities. Discuss how it contributes to
shaping our society.
Monument to the unintended performer
This monument is created by Tony Heaton. When you look at the art piece
you will directly see it is a disk thrower. However, the disk thrower is doing
the throwing while sitting in a wheelchair. This monument is placed at the
building of Channel 4 in the UK, in the year of the Paralympics in London
2012 to show the changing attitudes towards disabilities.
Another aspect of this piece of art is that the artist, Tony Heaton is
disabled himself, he sits in a wheelchair which is on its own a statement
and can give empowerment to PWDs who dreamed of a profession in arts
but never thought they could do it due to their disability.
The absence of a specific individual in the wheelchair represents the
collective and often unrecognized contributions of disabled artists. The
artwork aims to challenge societal perceptions of disability and
acknowledges the talents and creativity of artists with disabilities.
The advantaged can be:
- A conversation starter
o This type of artwork can be the beginning of a conversation
about inclusivity, accessibility, and how people with a disability
are treated by society.
- Empowerment
o It can offer empowerment for people with a disability. It can
create a platform for them so they feel comfortable to speak
up and let people know how they feel and what society could
change to include people with a disability.
- It can increase visibility.
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