Synopsis of Psychiatry Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Synopsis of Psychiatry
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Synopsis Of Psychiatry
Synopsis of Psychiatry Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
CHAPTER 2
Who created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities? -
answerJean Piaget
What is epistemology? - answerStudy of development of abstract thought on the basis of a
biological or innate substrate
...
Synopsis of Psychiatry Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
CHAPTER 2
Who created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities? -
answer✔Jean Piaget
What is epistemology? - answer✔Study of development of abstract thought on the basis of a
biological or innate substrate
According to Piaget, what are the four major stages that lead to the capacity for adult thought and
and what age range does each occur? - answer✔Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational
thought (2 to 7 years), concrete operations (7 to 11 years), and formal operations (11 through
adolescence)
In what stage of Piaget development does the child understand that melted ice in the form of
water can turn back to water (reversibility)? - answer✔Concrete operations
A child believe that bad thoughts cause accidents. What is this called and in what stage of Piaget
development does it occur? - answer✔Phenomenalistic causality; Preoperational thought
What are the critical developmental achievements of the sensorimotor stage? - answer✔Object
permanence and symbolization
A child recognizes that when a ball of clay is rolled into a sausage shape there is still the same
amount of clay. What ability is this child demonstrating and during what stage of Piaget
development does this occur? - answer✔Conservation; Concrete operations
What is the tendency to endow physical events and objects with life-like psychological attributes
and in what Piaget stage of development does this occur? - answer✔Animistic thinking;
Preoperational
In the Piaget stage of concrete operations, what is egocentric thought replaced by? -
answer✔Operational thought which involves dealing with a wide array of information outside
of the child. Children can now see things from someone's else perspective
65% of infants are securely attached by what age? - answer✔25 months
What are the three types of signal indicators in infants? - answer✔Hunger, anger, and pain
What are the three sequences of behavior patterns in children that are operated from their
mothers for long periods of time? - answer✔Protest, despair, and detachment
In Pavlovian conditioning, what are the following called...food, bell, new response to the bell,
and the natural response to the food itself? - answer✔Unconditional stimulus, conditional
stimulus, conditional response, and unconditional response
Who was Pavlovian conditioning developed by? - answer✔Ivan Pavlov
Who was operant conditioning developed by? - answer✔B.F. Skinner
What is Pavlovian conditioning? - answer✔Occurs when neutral stimuli are associated with a
psychologically significant event
What is operant conditioning? - answer✔Occurs when a behavior (instead of a stimulus) is
associated with a psychologically significant event
What is sign tracking? - answer✔When a CS signals a positive US, the CS will tend to evoke
approach behaviors
What is extinction? - answer✔Learned behavior decreases when the US or reinforcer
A person who gets sick of drinking an alcoholic beverage and consequently learns to hate the
flavor is an example of what type of conditioning? - answer✔Pavlovian conditioning
Give an example of a compensatory response? - answer✔Alcohol causes a drop in body
temperature, a conditioned response to a CS associated with alcohol is typically an increase in
body temperature
How does extinction occur? - answer✔Conditioned response decreases if the CS is presented
repeatedly without the US after conditioning
How does counterconditioning occur? - answer✔CS is paired with a very different US/UR
What is a drug that can be used to improve long-term potentiation and can possibly facilitate
extinction learning in humans undergoing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders and which
receptor does it work on? - answer✔D-cycloserine; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
What is a reinforcer? - answer✔Any event that could be shown to increase the strength of an
operant if it was made a consequence of the operant
What is incentive learning and give and example? - answer✔Process of learning about the
effects the reinforcer has on the motivational state; Hunger invigorated the instrumental action
only if the animal had previously experienced the reinforcer in that state
Figure 2.3-3 - answer✔Page 108-109
What biological changes occur during short-lasting plasticity? - answer✔Increase in
neurotransmitter release
What biological changes occur during long-lasting plasticity? - answer✔New protein synthesis,
physical growth of neural processes, and an increase in the number of synaptic connections
What are the main cortical pathways for visual information starting after the primary visual
cortex? - answer✔Ventrally to the inferotemporal cortex (identification of visual objects) and
dorsally to the parietal cortex (processes information about spatial location)
Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome causes amnesia due to destruction in what area of the brain? -
answer✔Diencephalon
Figure 2.4-3 - answer✔Page 114
Amnesia effects what kind of memory? - answer✔Declarative memory
What is declarative memory? - answer✔Conscious recollection of facts and events
What abilities are included in non-declarative learning? - answer✔Skill learning, habit learning,
simple forms of conditioning, and priming
A patient cannot remember word lists and stories (verbal material), which part of the brain is
damaged? - answer✔Medial temporal or diencephalic structures in the left cerebral hemisphere
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