The Automobile, Automotive Careers, and
ASE Certification Exam Study Guide.
Accessory system - answer✔systems that are not vital to a vehicle's operation, including the air
conditioner, sound system, power seats, and rear window defogger.
aerodynamics - answer✔study of the motion of air as it interacts with a moving object. It is a
major concern for automotive designers when creating a vehicle body.
air-fuel ratio - answer✔ratio by weight between the air and fuel that makes up an engine's fuel
charge
all-wheel drive - answer✔type of drive system that transmits power to all four wheels at all
times. A special internal clutch in the transfer case diverts more or less power to the front wheels
depending on road conditions.
assembly - answer✔a set of fitted parts designed to complete a specific function.
automobile - answer✔term derived from the Greek word "autos", which means self, and the
French word "mobile", which means moving. Modern "self-moving" vehicles combine
engineering and technology in a safe, reliable means of transportation.
body - answer✔a steel, aluminum, fiberglass, plastic, or composite (carbon fiber) skin forming
the outside of a vehicle.
body-over-frame construction - answer✔vehicle design in which the body is installed over the
frame and held in place by large bolts. This design is still used on some large passenger cars,
larger vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
brake system - answer✔a collection of components that work together to stop a vehicle
charging system - answer✔System that consists of battery, alternator, drive belt, voltage
regulator, charge indicator and charging harness. The job of the system is to reenergize the
battery as the engine is running and provide electricity to the various vehicle electrical systems.
chassis - answer✔framework of a vehicle without its body panels
Coefficient of drag (Cd) - answer✔the numerical value that represents the resistance of an
object through air or water
computer system - answer✔electric and electronic devices that control specific vehicle systems
cooling system - answer✔radiator and other components that allow a coolant to circulate and
maintain a constant engine operating temperature. They are also necessary to control operating
temperatures of an HV battery, motor-generator, or HV ECM circuit in hybrid/electric vehicles.
direct gasoline injection system - answer✔fuel injection system that, in addition to an electric
fuel pump, uses a mechanical fuel pump and high-pressure injectors to spray fuel straight into an
engine's combustion chambers; also called direct electronic fuel injection.
drive train - answer✔all of the collective parts (engine, transmission, drive shaft, differential,
drive axles, etc.) that generate power and transmit it to the wheels.
emission control system - answer✔a system that is used to reduce the amount of harmful
substances emitted into the atmosphere by an automobile.
engine - answer✔A device that converts energy into useful mechanical motion.
exhaust system - answer✔components that quiet and carry exhaust emissions to the rear of a
vehicle. These components include the muffler, exhaust pipes, catalytic converter, and exhaust
manifold.
frame - answer✔the steel structure that supports or is part of the vehicle's body
front-wheel drive - answer✔configuration with the drive wheels located in the front of a
vehicle, with the engine and transaxle placed directly above. All of this weight in the front of a
vehicle provides superior traction.
fuel efficiency - answer✔EPA numerical test rating for the distance a vehicle can travel on one
gallon of fuel
fuel system - answer✔vehicle system and set of components to store fuel and deliver a
combustible air-fuel mixture to the engine cylinders as needed.
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) - answer✔vehicle that uses two different sources of propulsion
to power the vehicle drive train
ignition system - answer✔Components that produce a spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the
engine.
lighting system - answer✔the system that provides illumination inside and outside a vehicle
lubrication system - answer✔method of distributing lubricant (oil) to moving parts to minimize
friction
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