BSNC 1000 Final (questions and answers)

What is the timeline of the cellular stage in acute inflammation? - Answer - WBCs adhere to vessel wall, increase in vascular permeability creates gaps, WBCs enter tissue, neutrophils arrive first, WBCs move by chemotaxis to area of injury, phagocytosis removes bacteria/cell debris, macrophages arrive next What does corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) do - Answer - Stimulates anterior/posterior pituitary gland to release several hormones (antidiuretic, prolactin, growth, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)) What is stress - Answer - Feeling of pressure or emotional strain from life's demands, perceived events, and stimuli What is coping - Answer - Ability to minimize or reduce the stressor to return to homeostasis, well-being, and health What is neutral stress - Answer - Daily stress and is well managed What is challenge-manageable stress - Answer - Moderate to greater stress and existing or new coping resources are needed What is severe stress - Answer - Threat exceeds coping capacity to a state of exhaustion What happens if someone exceeds their capacity to cope with stress - Answer - Risk for disease and disability What happens during the neuroendocrine response - Answer - Perceived events cause an anticipatory response beginning in limbic system What is included in the limbic system - Answer - thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala What does the hypothalamus do during the neuroendocrine response - Answer - Secretes corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), activating SNS, anterior pituitary, and posterior pituitary What happens once the SNS is activated during the neuroendocrine response - Answer - Release of catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) Where is norepinephrine released from and do - Answer - the brain and triggers neural pathways for sensory information, stimulating arousal, vigilance, anxiety, and labile emotions Why does "fight or flight" occur - Answer - Due to release of catecholamines What happens to our body during "fight or flight" - Answer - Increased HR, BP, CO; dilation of bronchial airways; pupil dilation; increased blood flow to skeletal muscles; increased blood glucos