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NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm – Chamberlain Exam with correct answers
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NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm – Chamberlain Exam with correct answers
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NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm –Chamberlain Exam with correct answers
During |what |trimester |is |a |pregnant |woman |most |at |risk |for |adverse |drug |reactions |with |potential
|long |term |consequences? |- |correct |answer-1st |trimester |(fetus |most |at |risk |d/t |rapid |growth)
What |is |BEERS |criteria? |- |correct |answer-Recommendations |of |medications |inappropriate |for |elderly
|(65 |and |older), |prescriber |ultimately |decides
What |is |the |CYP450 |(cytochrome |P450) |- |correct |answer-liver |enzyme |system |where |medications |
are |metabolized, |can |either |be |inducers |or |inhibitors |and |create |drug-drug |interactions
CYP450 |inducers |- |correct |answer-Speed |up |metabolism |of |drugs |(drug |is |cleared |faster), |drug |has |
lesser |effect |(decrease |blood |levels |of |drug), |elevate |CYP450 |enzymes
CYP450 |inducers |pneumonic |- |correct |answer-"Bullshit |Crap |GPS |INDUCES |rage"
CYP450 |inducer |drug |names |- |correct |answer-Barbituates, |St |John |wort, |Carbamazepine, |rifampin, |
alcohol, |phenytoin, |griseofulvin, |phenobarbital, |sulfonylureas
CYP450 |inhibitors |- |correct |answer-inhibit |metabolism, |increase |blood |levels |of |medications
CYP450 |pneumonic |- |correct |answer-"VISA |credit |card |debt |INHIBITS |spending |on |designers |like |CK
|to |look |GQ"
CYP450 |inhibitors |drug |names |- |correct |answer-Valproate, |isoniazid, |sulfonamides, |amiodarone, |
chloramphenicol, |ketoconazole, |grapefruit |juice, |quinidine
,Physiological |changes |during |pregnancy |that |impact |pharmacodynamics |and |pharmacokinetic |
properties |of |drugs? |- |correct |answer-increase |glomerular |filtration |rate |leads |to |increase |durg |
excretion |
increase |hepatic |metabolism
decrease |tone |and |motility |of |bowel
increase |drug |absorption
Examples |of |medications |that |can |be |teratogenic |- |correct |answer-Antiepileptic |drugs, |
antimicrobials |such |as |tetracyclines |and |fluoroquinolones, |vitamin |A |in |large |doses, |some |
anticoagulants, |and |hormonal |medications |such |as |diethylstilbestrol |(DES).
How |is |absorption |of |intramuscular |medications |different |in |neonates? |- |correct |answer-slow |and |
erratic |due |to |low |blood |flow |in |muscles |first |few |days |of |life
Why |is |absorption |of |medication |in |the |stomach |increased |in |infancy? |- |correct |answer-delayed |
gastric |emptying
Some |medications |that |should |be |avoided |in |the |pediatric |patient? |- |correct |answer-
glucocorticoids, |discoloration |of |developing |teeth |with |tetracyclines, |and |kernicterus |with |
sulfonamides, |levofloxacin |(antibiotics) |
aspirin |(Severe |intoxication |from |acute |overdose)
what |should |be |included |in |medication |administration |patient |education? |- |correct |answer-dosage |
size |and |timing
route |and |technique |of |administration
duration |of |treatment
drug |storage
nature |and |time |course |of |desired |responses
nature |and |time |course |of |adverse |responses
finish |taking |antibiotic
,What |are |some |things |that |put |the |elderly |patient |at |higher |risk |for |adverse |drug |reactions? |- |
correct |answer-reduced |renal |function |
polypharmacy |(the |use |of |five |or |more |medications |daily)
greater |severity |of |illness
presence |of |comorbidities
use |of |drugs |that |have |a |low |therapeutic |index |(e.g., |digoxin)
increased |individual |variation |secondary |to |altered |pharmacokinetics
inadequate |supervision |of |long-term |therapy
poor |patient |adherence
How |can |healthcare |providers |decrease |likelihood |of |an |elderly |patient |experiencing |an |adverse |
drug |reaction? |- |correct |answer-obtaining |a |thorough |drug |history |that |includes |over-the-counter |
medications
considering |pharmacokinetic |and |pharmacodynamics |changes |due |to |age
monitoring |the |patient's |clinical |response |and |plasma |drug |levels
using |the |simplest |regimen |possible
monitoring |for |drug-drug |interactions |and |iatrogenic |illness
periodically |reviewing |the |need |for |continued |drug |therapy
encouraging |the |patient |to |dispose |of |old |medications
taking |steps |to |promote |adherence |and |to |avoid |drugs |on |the |Beers |list
How |can |we |promote |medication |adherence |with |elderly |patients? |- |correct |answer-simplifying |
drug |regimens
providing |clear |and |concise |verbal |and |written |instructions
using |an |appropriate |dosage |form
clearly |labeling |and |dispensing |easy-to-open |containers
developing |daily |reminders
monitoring |frequently
affordability |of |drugs
support |systems
, Why |do |nitrates |need |to |be |taken |no |later |than |4 |PM? |- |correct |answer-Need |nitrate |free |interval
|so |tolerance |doesn't |develop
Nine |factors |that |impact |outcome |of |medication? |- |correct |answer-Gender |and |race
Genetics |and |pharmacogenomics
Variability |in |absorption
placebo |effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do |you |need |informed |consent |for |genetic |testing? |- |correct |answer-yes
What |is |the |purpose |of |the |Genetic |Information |Non-Discriminatory |Act? |- |correct |answer-Protects |
patients |from |discrimination |by |employers |and |insurance |providers |based |on |genetic |information
Difference |between |practice |authority |and |prescriptive |authority? |- |correct |answer-Practice |
authority |refers |to |the |nurse |practitioner's |ability |to |practice |without |physician |oversight, |whereas |
prescriptive |authority |refers |to |the |nurse |practitioner's |authority |to |prescribe |medications |
independently |and |without |limitations.
Who |regulates |prescriptive |authority? |- |correct |answer-the |jurisdiction |of |a |health |professional |
board. |This |may |be |the |State |Board |of |Nursing, |the |State |Board |of |Medicine, |or |the |State |Board |
of |Pharmacy, |as |determined |by |each |state.
What |is |scope |of |practice |determined |by? |- |correct |answer-is |determined |by |state |practice |and |
licensure |laws.
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