Acute liver failure (fulminant) Correct Answers liver failure in
a patient with no prior history
Acute liver failure diagnosis Correct Answers H&P, labs,
abdominal CT/ultrasound, antibody testing for each type of
hepatitis
Acute liver failure manifestations Correct Answers
Hyperexcitability
Insomnia
Irritability
N/V
Sudden onset of high fever w/ chills
Jaundice
Decrease LOC, coma
Convulsions
Acute liver failure patho Correct Answers liver failure results
from intrahepatic necrosis or a decrease in blood supply to liver
AlkPhos serum test Correct Answers Enzyme found in many
areas of body: liver, bones, intestines, kidneys but especially
found in bile ducts
Elevation → look at bile ducts
ALT serum test Correct Answers Enzymes that are released
when liver is damaged
,Could be trauma, alc consumption, medication, perfusion injury,
somebody in shock
Ammonia serum test Correct Answers Serum lab test used in
liver cirrhosis patients with mental status changes to evaluate for
hepatic encephalopathy
Amylase Correct Answers Breaking down carbs
40% from pancreatitis, the rest from salivary glands
Rises within 12 hours within onset of acute pancreatitis, returns
normal 3-5 days
Appendicitis Correct Answers inflammation of appendix
Most common cause of emergency and surgeries
risk factor: 10-30 years old
Appendicitis signs Correct Answers Dull periumbilical pain-
>shifts to the RLQ (classic sign)
N/V
Anorexia
Low grade fever
Localized tenderness
, Rebound tenderness w/ guarding
AST serum test Correct Answers Like ALT, their levels go up
when damage to liver
AST isn't as specific to liver bc its found in skeletal tissues,
brain, kidneys, etc. so theres a lot of things
Cholecysitis cause Correct Answers Inflammation of
gallbladder
Most commonly r/t obstruction by gallstones or biliary sludge,
but can be caused by adhesions, neoplasms, anesthesia, and
opioids
Cholecysitis signs Correct Answers Indigestion
Moderate to severe pain
Fever/chills
Jaundice
N/V
Restlessness
Leukocytosis
Epigastric tenderness and rigidity
RUQ referred pain to right shoulder/scapula
cholecystitis patho Correct Answers Inflammation of the
mucous lining or entire wall of the gallbladder->fibrotic changes
over time
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