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NR 283 Final Exam Review Chamberlain exam fully solved & updated.
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NR 283 Final Exam Review Chamberlain exam fully solved & updated.
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NR 283 Final Exam Review Chamberlainexam fully solved & updated
Osteoporosis - ANSWER- Decreased Bone Mineral Density
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER- Bone remodeling leads to increased
bone reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones
leading to fractures. Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast
activity.
Risk factors for Osteoporosis - ANSWER- 1. Postmenopausal women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER- Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic
inflammation
Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER- 1. Neutrophils degrade surface
layer of cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints
Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER-
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage breaks
down causing stiff joints and pain.
, Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional symptoms
include fever and affects all synovial joints.
Acute Pain - ANSWER- Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism.
Can be classified as somatic, visceral, or referred.
Chronic pain - ANSWER- Lasts > 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly understood.
Neuropathic pain - ANSWER- Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e.
Fibromyalgia
Pain management - ANSWER- What is the treatment that increases or decreases
transmission of pain signals.
Neurotransmitters - ANSWER- What are the chemicals that the nervous system
uses to communicate with the brain.
Pain Transduction - ANSWER- Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory
neuron's axon that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by
sending possible threat signals to the spinal cord and the brain
Pain transmission - ANSWER- What pain pathway signal goes to the central
nervous system
Pain perception - ANSWER- Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal
Pain threshold - ANSWER- Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to
perceive pain. This pathway is the same for everyone
Pain tolerance - ANSWER- The amount of pain the body can handle before you
involuntarily remove the stimuli.
Afferent - ANSWER- The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous
system to the central nervous system
Efferent - ANSWER- When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the
peripheral nervous system tell somebody how to react.
Endorphins - ANSWER- Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent
pain transmission signals.
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